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Democratization in Southeast Asia for the Last Decade: An Empirical Analysis

동남아연구
약어 : Southeast Asia Journal
2022 vol.32, no.3, pp.139 - 176
DOI : 10.21485/hufsea.2022.32.3.005
발행기관 : 한국외국어대학교 동남아연구소
연구분야 : 학제간연구
Copyright © 한국외국어대학교 동남아연구소
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7 회 열람

Contrary to expectations and hope, precarious democratic drives in Southeast Asian countries have been stalled for the past decade. On the other side of some nominal aspects of democracy such as elections, the Southeast Asian countries on the continent became under authoritarian or military-backed regimes, and those on islands are witnessing political scandals, corruption, and human rights issues. This article looks into the factors affecting democratization in order to understand different levels of democratization in the countries of Southeast Asia, considering political, economic, social, cultural and international dimensions whose data are tested to determine which factor is most likely to explain the causality. As found in the case in Sub-Saharan Africa, are press freedom and corruption still the major factors that influence democratization in Southeast Asia? The case of Southeast Asia tells a similar but different story. As in Sub-Saharan Africa, the most important factor affecting democratization in Southeast Asia turns out to be press freedom, but literacy and globalization as factors are more relevant in Southeast Asia, rather than in Africa.

기대와 희망과는 달리, 동남아시아 국가들의 민주화 움직임은 지난 10년 동안 정체를 보여왔다. 명목적인 민주주의의 이면에서, 대륙 국가들에서는 권위주의, 또는 군부의 지원을 받는 정권이 나타났고 도서 국가들에서는 정치 스캔들, 부패, 인권 문제를 보이고 있다. 이 연구는 언론의 자유, 문맹률, 경제적 수준, 부패, 세계화, 독립년수 등의 데이터를 바탕으로 동남아시아 민주화에 영향을 미치는 인과 요인을 밝히고자 한다. 아프리카 지역 사례와 같이, 언론의 자유와 부패의 두 요인이 동남아시아 지역의 민주화에 영향일 미치는 주요 요인이 될 것인가? 연구 결과 동남아시아의 사례는 비슷하면서도 조금은 다른 결과를 나타내고 있다. 아프리카와 같이 동남아시아 민주화에 영향을 미치는 가장 큰 요인은 언론의 자유로 나타났으나, 문맹률 및 세계화 요인은 아프리카보다 동남아시아의 민주화에 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났다.

Southeast Asia, Democratization, Press Freedom, Human Rights, Globalization
동남아시아, 민주화, 언론의 자유, 인권, 세계화

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