초록

This article aims to show the wide spectrum of Korean shamanism by exploring the complex process in constructing self-identity of shamans in contemporary Korea. I mean by the words, a wide spectrum of Korean shamanism, that there are multiple images and realities subsumed under the title of Korean shamanism. Not only negatively associated concepts, such as ‘superstition,’ ‘magic,’ ‘primitive’ and so on, but also positive images, which represent Korean shamanism as a national heritage, indigenous religion and so on, coexist on the contemporary spectrum of Korean shamanism. Those images and academic concepts, I argue, do not remain limited to academia but are appropriated by modern shamans as referential frameworks for shamans' self-identity making process, which has formed the plurality of Korean shamanism. I call this procedure “looping effects between images and realities” in Korean shamanism. In order to show the looping effect in the construction of Korean shamanism, in particular, I introduce two shamans' life stories: Muwoon and Dani. Their stories will explain how academic discourses on Korean shamanism are appropriated as a model for the mature shamanship by themselves. In addition, I argue that the concept of looping effect could become an alternative for essentialist approach to the Korean shamanism. Since Korean shamanism appeared as a subject of academic disciplines in the early twentieth century, those academic discourses have been established around the issue of finding archetype or authentic form of Korean shamanism, and are largely unconcerned with the understanding of shamanic practices in their modern form. In other words, although the search of an authentic form of it was produced within the particular historical context, it has been de-contextualized from its historical context and has become obstacles to understanding the diversity of contemporary Korean shamanism. In this context, I argue that the theoretical concept of “looping effects” between images and realities, which presumes the idea that Korean shamanism is not a single unity but open-ended process of making, could function as an useful tool for understanding the reconfiguration of modern Korean shamanism.

키워드

무속의 다양성, 무당의 정체성, 무속담론, 담론과 실재의 고리효과

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