1 | TAS1R2 | rs12033832 | A | n = 696 (unknown ancestry); Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health study | Higher sucrose sensitivity (lower detection threshold) and lower sugar intake (grams per day) among those with BMI ≥ 25; opposite associations among those with BMI < 2576 |
n = 30 (unknown ancestry); an Australian cohort | Higher percentage energy intake from carbohydrates in an ad libitum meal session ≤ 40 min77 |
n = 144; 92 Europeans, 37 Asians, 15 Africans | No association with sucrose sensitivity78 |
1 | TAS1R2 | rs3935570 | T | n = 696 (unknown ancestry); Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health study | Higher sucrose sensitivity (lower detection threshold) among those with BMI ≥ 25; no association with sugar intake (grams per day) regardless of BMI76 |
1 | TAS1R2 | rs35874116 | A | n = 1037 (unknown ancestry); 482 European, 362 East Asians, 114 South Asians, 79 others; Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health study | Higher intake of carbohydrates (grams per day) and sugar (grams per day) among those with BMI ≥ 2579 |
n = 100 (unknown ancestry); individuals with diabetes from the Canadian Trial of Carbohydrate in Diabetes multicenter intervention study | Higher intake of sugar (grams per day)80 |
n = 312 children (43.2% white); a Brazilian cohort | Higher sugar intake (kilocalories per day) at age 3.9 y; no association at ages 1.1 and 7.7 y81 |
n = 30 (unknown ancestry); an Australian cohort | Higher intake of sweets (grams) in an ad libitum meal session ≤ 40 min77 |
n = 441 (Mestizos); a West Mexican cohort | Lower intake of carbohydrates (grams per day) and percentage energy intake from carbohydrate82 |
n = 47 children (87.5% Caucasian); the Guelph Family Health Study | Higher percentage energy intake from snacks83 |
n = 696 (unknown ancestry); Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health study | No association between sucrose sensitivity and sugar intake (grams per day)76 |
n = 144; 92 Europeans, 37 Asians, 15 Africans | No association with sucrose sensitivity78 |
1 | TAS1R2 | rs7534618 | A | n = 65 adults (85% Caucasian) and 60 children (81% Caucasian); the Guelph Family Health Study | Association with a preference for sucrose solution among children84 |
1 | TAS1R2 | rs28652778 | T | n = 127 adults (all Europeans); a Swedish cohort | Higher preference for sweetness85 |
1 | TAS1R3 | rs307355 | C | n = 144 (92 Europeans, 37 Asians, 15 Africans) | Higher sucrose sensitivity78 |
n = 30 (unknown ancestry); an Australian cohort | No association with percentage energy intake from carbohydrates or intake of sweets (grams) in an ad libitum meal session ≤ 40 min77 |
1 | TAS1R3 | rs35744813 | C | n = 144 (92 Europeans, 37 Asians, 15 Africans) | Higher sucrose sensitivity78 |
n = 76 mothers (32.9% white, 52.6% black, 5.3% Hispanic/Latino/Latina, 1.3% Asian, 7.9% others) and 101 children (31.7% white, 42.6% black, 8.9% Hispanic/Latino/Latina, 2% Asian, 14.9% others); a U.S. cohort | Preference for a sucrose solution of a lower concentration among mothers; no association in children86 |
n = 235 children (46 whites, 136 blacks, 2 Asians, 51 others); a U.S. cohort | No association between sucrose detection threshold and percentage energy intake from added sugar87 |
n = 312 children (43.2% white); a Brazilian cohort | No association with sugar intake (kilocalories per day) 81 |
n = 30 (unknown ancestry); an Australian cohort | No association with percentage energy intake from carbohydrates or intake of sweets (grams) in an ad libitum meal session ≤ 40 min77 |
2 | AC007100.1 | rs12713415 | C | n = 235,391 (all Europeans) UK Biobank + replication cohorts | Lower sugar intake88 |
2 | AC007100.1 | rs10206338 | A | n = 235,391 (all Europeans) UK Biobank + replication cohorts | Lower sugar intake88 |
3 | SLC2A2 | rs5400 | T | n = 1037 (482 European, 362 East Asians, 114 South Asians, 79 others); Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health study | Higher intake of carbohydrates (grams per day) and sucrose (grams per day) 79 |
n = 100 (unknown ancestry); individual with diabetes from the Canadian Trial of Carbohydrate in Diabetes multicenter intervention study | Higher sugar intake (grams per day) 80 |
n = 22,799 (unknown ancestry); a Swedish cohort | Lower carbohydrate intake89 |
3 | RARB | rs10510554 | T | n = 268,922 (all Europeans); UK Biobank + replication cohorts | Higher carbohydrate intake88 |
3 | RARB | rs7619139 | A | n = 235,391; (all Europeans); UK Biobank + replication cohorts | Lower sugar intake88 |
3 | CADM2 | rs10433500 | A | n = 268,922; (all Europeans); UK Biobank + replication cohorts | Higher carbohydrate intake88 |
6 | SNORD66 | rs13202107 | A | n = 235,391; (all Europeans); UK Biobank + replication cohorts | Lower sugar intake88 |
7 | GNAT3 | rs7792845 | T | n = 160 (103 Caucasians, 41 Asians, 16 Africans); a US cohort | Higher sucrose sensitivity90 |
7 | GNAT3 | rs940541 | T | n = 160 (103 Caucasians, 41 Asians, 16 Africans); a US cohort | Higher sucrose sensitivity90 |
7 | GNAT3 | rs1107660 | T | n = 160 (103 Caucasians, 41 Asians, 16 Africans); a US cohort | Higher sucrose sensitivity90 |
n = 22,799 (unknown ancestry); a Swedish cohort | Lower carbohydrate intake89 |
7 | GNAT3 | rs1107657 | T | n = 160 (103 Caucasians, 41 Asians, 16 Africans); a US cohort | Higher sucrose sensitivity90 |
7 | GNAT3 | rs1524600 | C | n = 160 (103 Caucasians, 41 Asians, 16 Africans); a US cohort | Higher sucrose sensitivity90 |
7 | GNAT3 | rs6467217 | T | n = 160 (103 Caucasians, 41 Asians, 16 Africans); a US cohort | Higher sucrose sensitivity90 |
7 | GNAT3 | rs6970109 | C | n = 160 (103 Caucasians, 41 Asians, 16 Africans); a US cohort | Higher sucrose sensitivity90 |
7 | GNAT3 | rs6975345 | T | n = 160 (103 Caucasians, 41 Asians, 16 Africans); a US cohort | Higher sucrose sensitivity90 |
7 | GNAT3 | rs10242727 | A | n = 160 (103 Caucasians, 41 Asians, 16 Africans); a US cohort | Higher sucrose sensitivity90 |
7 | GNAT3 | rs6467192 | G | n = 160 (103 Caucasians, 41 Asians, 16 Africans); a US cohort | Higher sucrose sensitivity90 |
7 | GNAT3 | rs6961082 | C | n = 160 (103 Caucasians, 41 Asians, 16 Africans); a US cohort | Higher sucrose sensitivity90 |
8 | AC022784.6 | rs7012637 | A | n = 268,922 (all Europeans); UK Biobank + replication cohorts | Higher carbohydrate intake88 |
8 | AC022784.6 | rs7012814 | A | n = 235,391 (all Europeans); UK Biobank + replication cohorts | Higher sugar intake88 |
8 | AC073284.4 | rs7424551 | G | n = 174,424 (all Europeans); UK Biobank | Higher intake of sugars7 |
16 | FTO | rs11642841 | C | n = 174,424 (all Europeans); UK Biobank | Higher intake of sugars but not sweets; Lower BMI7 |
16 | FTO | rs55872725 | T | n = 422,300 (all Europeans); UK Biobank | Higher intake of sugar-sweetened beverages14 |
16 | FTO | rs9939609 | A | n = 22,799 (unknown ancestry); a Swedish cohort | Higher intake of sugar-sweetened beverages89 |
16 | FTO | rs9972653 | T | n = 235,391 (all Europeans) UK Biobank + replication cohorts | Lower sugar intake88 |
16 | FTO | rs7190396 | T | n = 268,922 (all Europeans); UK Biobank + replication cohorts | Higher carbohydrate intake88 |
16 | ZFHX3 | rs1104608 | C | n = 268,922 (all Europeans); UK Biobank + replication cohorts | Higher carbohydrate intake88 |
17 | SLC2A4 | rs2654185 | A | n = 127 adults (all Europeans); a Swedish cohort | Higher sweet taste threshold; less intake of sweet foods85 |
17 | SLC2A4 | rs5415 | T | n = 127 adults (all Europeans); a Swedish cohort | Higher sweet taste threshold85 |
17 | SLC2A4 | rs5418 | G | n = 127 adults (all Europeans); a Swedish cohort | Less intake of sweet foods85 |
17 | ARL17B | rs36123991 | T | n = 268,922 (all Europeans); UK Biobank + replication cohorts | Higher carbohydrate intake88 |
18 | AP005230.1 | rs8097672 | A | n = 235,391 (all Europeans); UK Biobank + replication cohorts | Higher sugar intake88 |
n = 268,922 (all Europeans); UK Biobank + replication cohorts | Higher carbohydrate intake88 |
18 | L3MBTL4 | rs341228 | T | n = 235,391 (all Europeans); UK Biobank + replication cohorts | Higher sugar intake88 |
19 | FGF21 | rs838133 | A | n = 33,533 (all Europeans); the DietGen Consortium | Lower percentage energy intake from carbohydrate91 |
n = 6515 (all Europeans); a Danish cohort | Higher weekly intake of sweet snacks and candies20 |
n = 176,989 (all Europeans); UK Biobank | Higher percentage energy intake from carbohydrate92 |
n = 22,799 (unknown ancestry); a Swedish cohort | Higher intake of total sugars and added sugars89 |
19 | FGF21 | rs838145 | G | n = 38,360 (all Europeans); the CHARGE Consortium | Higher percentage energy intake from carbohydrate93 |
n = 22,799 (unknown ancestry); a Swedish cohort | Higher intake of total sugars and added sugars89 |
19 | FGF21 | rs8103840 | C | n = 22,799 (unknown ancestry); a Swedish cohort | Higher intake of total sugars and added sugars89 |
19 | FGF21 | rs62132802 | T | n = 235,391 (all Europeans); UK Biobank + replication cohorts | Lower sugar intake88 |
19 | APOE | rs429358 | T | n = 235,391 (all Europeans); UK Biobank + replication cohorts | Lower sugar intake88 |
n = 268,922 (all Europeans); UK Biobank + replication cohorts | Lower carbohydrate intake88 |
19 | IZUMO1 | rs838144 | T | n = 235,391 (all Europeans); UK Biobank + replication cohorts | Lower sugar intake88 |
n = 268,922 (all Europeans); UK Biobank + replication cohorts | Lower carbohydrate intake88 |