Распространение принципов демократии на корпоративное управление и далее: теория народного экономического суверенитета

Цель: проведение комплексного анализа влияния принципов демократического правления в государстве на корпоративное управление.

Методы: диалектический подход к познанию социальных явлений, позволяющий проанализировать их в историческом развитии и функционировании в контексте совокупности объективных и субъективных факторов, который определил выбор следующих методов исследования: формально-логический и социологический.

Результаты: в настоящей статье дается иное обоснование корпоративной демократии, основанной на принципе эквивалентности, а не аналогии. Эквивалентность состоит в том, что отдельный гражданин во многом одинаково воспринимает субординацию независимо от того, исходит ли она от государственного или частного субъекта. В политической системе демократия противостоит субординации через политическую автономию, предоставляемую каждому в виде права голоса, позволяющего контролировать властные структуры. По тому же принципу лица, зарабатывающие на жизнь своим трудом, должны, как мы считаем, контролировать институты, на которые они работают. Таким образом, демократические нормы, перенесенные в экономическую сферу, означают, что человек не должен зарабатывать себе на жизнь на условиях, определяемых другими людьми. Это положение можно назвать принципом народного экономического суверенитета.

Научная новизна: в работе впервые делается вывод о том, что современное понимание как государства, так и корпорации возникло из средневековой доктрины корпоративизма. Та же самая доктрина породила идею представительства, которая позволила отдельным лицам, не будучи лидерами структурированной иерархии, участвовать в принятии государственных решений; эта идея, несомненно, является одним из величайших достижений западной политической мысли. Представительство стало тем механизмом, с помощью которого утвердилось демократическое управление. По мере развития демократии объем представительства увеличивался, включив всех дееспособных взрослых людей. Эту расширенную концепцию представительства можно распространить на трудовые отношения, что послужит тем же целям, что и на политической арене, – личной автономии и противодействию угнетению. Корпорациями будут управлять советы, состоящие из членов, выбранных работниками; мелкие компании и индивидуальные предприниматели должны будут нанимать сотрудников на биржах труда, которые будут также управляться работниками.

Практическая значимость: основные положения и выводы статьи могут быть использованы в научной, педагогической и правоприменительной деятельности при рассмотрении вопросов, связанных с теорией народного экономического суверенитета.

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