이 글에서는 기술직 중인 신분, 특히 주학과 관련해서 『산학선생안』(국립중앙도서관)에 초점을 맞추어 살펴보았다. 서문, 발문, 간기 같은 것이 없어 언제, 무슨 목적으로 선생안을 작성했는지 정확하게 알기는 어렵다. 홍치년간(1488∼1505)부터 수록하기 시작했으며, 그 하한선은 19세기 전반[1814] 정도로 비정할 수 있다.
『산학선생안』에는 전체 899명이 수록되어 있다. 1)본인에 관한 사항과 2)가계에 관한 사항을 적었다. 본인의 성명과 자(字), 본관, 생년 등 인적사항, 그리고 관직과 품계 등 경력사항을 적고 있다. 기재된 순서는 일정한 지점까지는 『주학입격안』과 일치한다. 연대순으로, 입격 및 입사 순서로 기재한 것이다. 하지만 290번(이구민)부터 『주학입격안』과 달라지고 있다. ‘입격’과 ‘입사’ 사이의 시차 때문이다. 같은 해 입격하더라도 성적에 따라 입사 년도가 달라질 수 있으며, 입사하지 못하는 경우도 있었다.
그들의 관력을 검토해보면, 그들은 산원직 뿐만 아니라 다양한 관서에 진출했다. 초반부에는 교수, 별제, 훈도와 같은 산학 고위직은 붉은 ●로 구분하는 표시를 했다. 당상관으로 승급한 사례도 있었다. 그들은 잡과의 다른 과목으로 옮겨가거나 무과와 사마시로 진출하기도 했다. 타과 진출에서는 잡과, 그 중에서 역과와 의과가 많았다. 그들은 무과와 사마시에도 진출하고 있다. 이를 통해서 그들은 잡과 내의 다른 과목, 나아가서는 타과로 진출해서 자신들의 사회적 지위를 상승시키고자 했다는 것을 알 수 있다.
In this article, we focused on Sanhak Seonsaeng An(Sanhak Seonsaeng List, 筭學先生案) regarding the status of ‘middle men’ and especially ‘Juhak’[籌學]. It is difficult to know exactly when and for what purpose the Sanhak Seonsaeng An was written because there is no preface, introduction, or publication record. It began to be included in 1488∼1505(Hongchi period), and its lower limit can be determined to be around the first half of the 19th century (1814). A total of 899 people are included in Sanhak Seonsaeng An. First, there are informations 1)about a person(Seonsaeng) himself and 2)about households of him. Personal information such as name, another name[字], family clan[本貫], birth year, etc., and career matters such as the year of employment, Government office career, and his status and class. The order described is consistent with the Juhak Ipgyuk An(Juhak Admissions List, 籌學入格案) until a certain point. It was written in chronological order, in the order of the ‘pass’[入格] of examination and the ‘entry’[入仕] into Government office. However, from No. 290 of 899, it was different from that of Juhak Ipgyuk An. This was because of the gap between the ‘pass’ of examination and the ‘entry’ into Government office. Even if some people has passed the examination in the same year, the year of ‘entry’ into Government office may vary depending on his grades, and there can be some cases where he could not enter the Government office. Their Government office careers shows that they have entered various Government offices as well as the Sanhak Cheong[算學廳] of Hojo[戶曹]. There were 23 cases in which he was promoted to Tangsangkwan[堂上官]. And they moved on to other departments in Chapkwa[雜科] or advanced to Mukwa[武科] and Samashi[司馬試]. It can be seen that they wanted to raise their social status through move to other departments and pass of high level examinations.
In this article, we focused on Sanhak Seonsaeng An(Sanhak Seonsaeng List, 筭學先生案) regarding the status of ‘middle men’ and especially ‘Juhak’[籌學]. It is difficult to know exactly when and for what purpose the Sanhak Seonsaeng An was written because there is no preface, introduction, or publication record. It began to be included in 1488∼1505(Hongchi period), and its lower limit can be determined to be around the first half of the 19th century (1814). A total of 899 people are included in Sanhak Seonsaeng An. First, there are informations 1)about a person(Seonsaeng) himself and 2)about households of him. Personal information such as name, another name[字], family clan[本貫], birth year, etc., and career matters such as the year of employment, Government office career, and his status and class. The order described is consistent with the Juhak Ipgyuk An(Juhak Admissions List, 籌學入格案) until a certain point. It was written in chronological order, in the order of the ‘pass’[入格] of examination and the ‘entry’[入仕] into Government office. However, from No. 290 of 899, it was different from that of Juhak Ipgyuk An. This was because of the gap between the ‘pass’ of examination and the ‘entry’ into Government office. Even if some people has passed the examination in the same year, the year of ‘entry’ into Government office may vary depending on his grades, and there can be some cases where he could not enter the Government office. Their Government office careers shows that they have entered various Government offices as well as the Sanhak Cheong[算學廳] of Hojo[戶曹]. There were 23 cases in which he was promoted to Tangsangkwan[堂上官]. And they moved on to other departments in Chapkwa[雜科] or advanced to Mukwa[武科] and Samashi[司馬試]. It can be seen that they wanted to raise their social status through move to other departments and pass of high level examinations.