선후기 궁방의 鄕味에 대해서는 그리 자세히 알려진 바가 없었다. 최근 연구에서 향미를 궁방에서 지대의 일부로서 수취하여 구성원에게 분배한 급여 성격의 몫으로 규정한 바 있다. 하지만 그 비율이 어느 정도 되는지에 대하여 명확히 구명된 바가 없었기에, 궁방의 지대 상납에 관한 심층적 이해를 하기 어려웠던 것이 사실이다. 본 연구에서는 『용동궁밧자책』에 기재된 지대를 구성하는 각 항목을 살펴봄으로써 궁방 지대의 상납 유형에 관한 실증적 고찰을 수행하였다.
특히 『용동궁밧자책』에 기재된 색락, 향미, 실고입, 태가, 역가 등이 지대에 비해 어느 정도의 비율에 해당하는 지를 전체적으로 모두 계산하여 분석하는 새로운 기법을 적용하였다. 종래 알려진 향미의 비중은 지대에 비해 1/2 또는 1/3로 단순화되어 있었으나, 본 연구의 분석 결과 1/2이나 1/3 외에도 1/5이 주요한 사례로 등장함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 1/2과 1/3 사이, 1/3과 1/5 사이에도 다양한 스펙트럼의 향미 비율이 적용되고 있었음을 확인하였다.
또한 元結無土에 대해 적용되는 색락, 태가, 역가 등에 관해서도 비율 분석을 진행하였다. 색락은 5%, 태가는 2%, 역가는 10%를 전후로 하여 부과되고 있었는데, 색락이 지대 중에 항상 포함되어 계산되었던 반면, 태가나 역가는 지대와 별도로 계산되기도 하였다는 점에서 비율 계산에 유의할 필요가 있음을 지적하였다. 용동궁의 입장에서는 수입의 내역 중 실고입이나 향미의 양이 얼마인지가 중요하였을 뿐, 지대의 총량은 그다지 관심의 대상이 아니었음을 확인하게 된 것이다. 이러한 분석 결과는 태가나 역가가 지대에 대하여 차지하는 비율에 대하여 의미를 부여하기 곤란함을 확인시켜준 것이기도 하다.
This study investigates the concept of hyangmi and its various examples in late Chosŏn Korea. Recent study reveals that members of royal procurement agencies (kungbang) receive hyangmi as a form of wage. The source of hyangmi is a portion of rent from the land owned by kungbang. However, the amount of this portion remains unknown. This study is the first empirical research that explores the actual structure and items of rent in the case of Yongdonggung. Account books of Yongdonggung show us the amount and portion of each item included in the rent. The items are kansaek (sampling costs), nakjŏng (leaked amounts), hyangmi (wage-like distributions), silgoip (stored amounts), t’aega (transportation costs), and yŏkka (service charges). Analysis result shows that a portion of hyangmi can be one-fifth after calculating each amount and portion of all items in the account books of Yongdonggung. By contrast, a precedent study found that the portion was only one-half or one-third. Moreover, I determined that numerous cases possess portions between one-half and one-third and several cases with portions between one-third and one-fifth. Furthermore, I analyzed the portions of each item in rent in the case of “lands without ownerships” of kungbang. Saekrak (kansaek and nakjŏng) was approximately 5%, t’aega was approximately 2%, and yŏkka was approximately 10% relative to the entire rent. This study emphasized that the portions can be disorderly because saekrak was consistently included in a rent, whereas t’aega and yŏkka were occasionally excluded from a rent. From the perspective of royal procurement agencies, the amounts of silgoip and hyangmi were the most important in the whole revenue, thereby indicating that the amount of rent is unimportant. This result denotes that the portions of t’aega and yŏkka were insignificant information.
This study investigates the concept of hyangmi and its various examples in late Chosŏn Korea. Recent study reveals that members of royal procurement agencies (kungbang) receive hyangmi as a form of wage. The source of hyangmi is a portion of rent from the land owned by kungbang. However, the amount of this portion remains unknown. This study is the first empirical research that explores the actual structure and items of rent in the case of Yongdonggung. Account books of Yongdonggung show us the amount and portion of each item included in the rent. The items are kansaek (sampling costs), nakjŏng (leaked amounts), hyangmi (wage-like distributions), silgoip (stored amounts), t’aega (transportation costs), and yŏkka (service charges). Analysis result shows that a portion of hyangmi can be one-fifth after calculating each amount and portion of all items in the account books of Yongdonggung. By contrast, a precedent study found that the portion was only one-half or one-third. Moreover, I determined that numerous cases possess portions between one-half and one-third and several cases with portions between one-third and one-fifth. Furthermore, I analyzed the portions of each item in rent in the case of “lands without ownerships” of kungbang. Saekrak (kansaek and nakjŏng) was approximately 5%, t’aega was approximately 2%, and yŏkka was approximately 10% relative to the entire rent. This study emphasized that the portions can be disorderly because saekrak was consistently included in a rent, whereas t’aega and yŏkka were occasionally excluded from a rent. From the perspective of royal procurement agencies, the amounts of silgoip and hyangmi were the most important in the whole revenue, thereby indicating that the amount of rent is unimportant. This result denotes that the portions of t’aega and yŏkka were insignificant information.