초록

Boudica and Cartimandua of Roman Britannia are the famous examples of female leadership in antiquity. This paper will attempt to add a couple of puzzle pieces to the voices and images related to Boudica and Cartimandua as leadership under the Roman rule from Tacitus’s historiography, considering more of their socio-historical context. I shall explore whether one could understand these two leaders as historical figures in relation to their own people from the re-reading of some passages from Tacitus. Boudica’s revolt broke out under Nero, while Cartimandua’s rule lasted during Nero’s reign and ended with his death. It has been widely acknowledged that Tacitus intended to emphasise the correlation between res internae and res externae in his narratives, especially the Annales in order to aim his criticism at the principate and the emperors. Therefore, this paper will also analyse the narratives of Boudica and Cartimandua in the “broader narratives” of Tacitus and to investigate how they represent some of Tacitus’s political opinions about Nero and his reign. To fulfil these tasks, in Chapter 2 the voice of the Britons themselves during Boudica’s revolt will be focused on, while Chapter 3 will deal with Queen Cartimandua of the Brigantes, especially in the relationship with her husband, Venutius. However, when reading the works of Tacitus, one cannot escape from the historical narrative that the historian (re-)constructed. Thus I shall examine in Chapter 4 how and what parts the two leaders played in the narrative representation and historical interpretation of Tacitus, especially in connection with the historian’s opinion about Nero’s principate.

키워드

Boudica, Cartimandua, Britannia, Nero, Tacitus

참고문헌(36)open

  1. [단행본] Tacitus / 1914 / Agricola. Germania. Dialogue on Oratory

  2. [단행본] Tacitus / 1999 / Agricola and Germania / Oxford University Press

  3. [단행본] Tacitus / 1925 / Histories: Books 1-3

  4. [단행본] Tacitus / 1937 / Annals: Books 4-6, 11-12

  5. [단행본] Tacitus / 2004 / The Annals, Kindle Edition / Hackett Classics

  6. [단행본] Tacitus / 1937 / Annals: Books 13-16

  7. [단행본] Dio Cassius / 1925 / Roman History, Volume VIII: Books 61-70

  8. [단행본] Adler, Eric / 2011 / Valorizing the Barbarians: Enemy Speeches in Roman Historiography

  9. [학술지] Adler, Eric / 2008 / Boudica’s Speeches in Tacitus and Dio / Classical World 101 (2) : 173 ~ 195

  10. [단행본] Ash, Rhiannon / 2018 / Tacitus: Annales Book XV (Cambridge Greek and Latin Classics)

  11. [단행본] Benoist, Stéphane / 2015 / Women and War in Antiquity : 266 ~ 288

  12. [학술지] Braund, D. / 1984 / Observations on Cartimandua / Britannia 15 : 1 ~ 6

  13. [단행본] Braund, D. / 1996 / Ruling Roman Britain: Kings, Queens, Governors and Emperors from Julius Caesar to Agricola

  14. [학술지] Clarke, Katherine / 2001 / An Island Nation : Re-Reading Tacitus’"Agricola" / Journal for Roman Studies 91 : 94 ~ 112

  15. [단행본] Drinkwater, John F. / 2019 / Nero : Emperor and Court

  16. [학술지] Gillespie, Caitlin C. / 2015 / The Wolf and the Hare: Boudica’s Political Bodies in Tacitus and Dio / Classical World 108 (3) : 403 ~ 429

  17. [단행본] Gillespie, Caitlin C. / 2018 / Boudica : Warrior Woman of Roman Britain

  18. [단행본] Johnson, M. / 2012 / Boudicca (Kindle edition)

  19. [학술지] Gilmartin, Kristine / 1973 / Corbulo’s Campaigns in the East : An Analysis of Tacitus’ Account / Historia : Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 22 (4) : 583 ~ 626

  20. [학술지] Gowing, Alain M. / 1990 / Tacitus and the Client Kings / Transactions of the American Philological Association 120 : 315 ~ 331

  21. [단행본] Hallett, Judith / 2015 / Women and War in Antiquity : 247 ~ 265

  22. [학술지] Keegan, P. / 2005 / Boudica, Cartimandua, Messalina and Agrippina the Younger. Independent Women of Power and the Gendered Rhetoric of Roman History / Ancient History: Resources for Teachers 34 (2) : 99 ~ 148

  23. [학술지] Kehne, Peter / 2001 / Cartimandua, Boudica und Veleda: Auswärtige ‘Frauenmacht’ in der römischen Historiographie / Eos 88 : 267 ~ 284

  24. [학술지] Keitel, Elizabeth / 1978 / The Role of Parthia and Armenia in Tacitus Annals 11 and 12 / American Journal of Philology 99 (4) : 462 ~ 473

  25. [단행본] Keitel, Elizabeth / 1993 / Tacitus and the Tacitean Tradition : 39 ~ 58

  26. [단행본] Lavan, M. / 2013 / A Companion to the Neronian Age : 65 ~ 82

  27. [단행본] Lavan, M. / 2013 / Slaves to Rome: Paradigms of Empire in Roman Culture(Kindle edition)

  28. [단행본] Mattingly, D. / 2006 / An Imperial Possession: Britain in the Roman Empire, 54 BC-AD 409 (Kindle edition)

  29. [학술지] Miller, N. P. / 1964 / Dramatic Speech in Tacitus / American Journal of Philology 85 (3) : 279 ~ 296

  30. [학술지] Richmond, I. A. / 1954 / Queen Cartimandua / Journal of Roman Studies 44 : 43 ~ 52

  31. [학술지] Stewart, James J. / 2001 / Venutius’ Role in Romano-British Affairs, AD 43-75 / Latomus 60 (2) : 380 ~ 386

  32. [학술지] Roberts, M. / 1988 / The revolt of Boudica (Tacitus, Annals 14. 29-39) and the assertion of libertas in Neronian Rome / American Journal of Philology 109 (1) : 118 ~ 132

  33. [단행본] Rubiés, Joan-Pau / 1994 / Reflections of Nero: Culture, History & Representation : 28 ~ 47

  34. [단행본] Späth, Thomas / 2012 / A Companion to Tacitus (Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World) : 429 ~ 457

  35. [단행본] Syme, Ronald / 1958 / Tacitus

  36. [단행본] Woodman, A. J. / 2014 / Tacitus: Agricola (with contributions from C. S. Kraus), Cambridge Greek and Latin Classics