Main Article Content

Abstract

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterised by an underlying immunodeficiency state, worsened by the use of immunosuppressive drugs in its treatment. Hence patients with SLE are at increased risk of opportunistic infections, one of which is tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common infectious diseases globally, with Indonesia having the second highest prevalence in the world. Further research towards better management of these two disease entities is thus required. We report a patient with SLE flare and recurrent tuberculosis infection.

Keywords

systemic lupus erythematosus recurrent tuberculosis autoimmune haemolytic anemia

Article Details

How to Cite
Sunjaya, A. P., & Amelia, D. A. R. (2019). Recurrent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in systemic lupus erythematosus patient: case report and review. JKKI : Jurnal Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan Indonesia, 10(1), 97–104. https://doi.org/10.20885/JKKI.Vol10.Iss1.art14

References

  1. Bhattacharya PK, Jamil M, Roy A, Talukdar KK. SLE and tuberculosis: a case series and review of literature. Journal Of Clinical And Diagnostic Research. 2017; 11(2):OR01-OR03.
  2. Hussein DA, Habeeb RA, El-Azizi NO, et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Egyptian Rheumatologist. 2017; 39(4):227-231.
  3. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report. World Health Organization; 2017.
  4. Erdozain JG, Ruiz-Irastorza G, Egurbide MV, Martinez Berriotxoa A, Aguirre C. High risk of tuberculosis in systemic lupus erythematosus? Lupus. 2006; 15(4):232-5.
  5. Mok MY, Lo Y, Chan TM, Wong WS, Lau CS. Tuberculosis in systemic lupus erythematosus in an endemic area and the role of isoniazid prophylaxis during corticosteroid therapy. Journal of Rheumatology. 2005; 32(4):609-15.
  6. Ravelli A, Ruperto N, Martini A. Outcome in juvenile onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Current Opinion Rheumatology. 2005; 17(5):568-73.
  7. Lee P, Lee T, Ho M, Wong W, Lau YL. Recurrent major infections in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus—a close link with long-term disease damage. Rheumatology. 2007 August; 46(8):1290-6.
  8. Prabu VN, Agrawal S. Systemic lupus erythematosus and tuberculosis: A review of complex interactions of complicated diseases. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine. 2010; 56(3):244-50.
  9. Hou CL, Tsai YC, Chen LC, Huang JL. Tuberculosis infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Pulmonary and extra-pulmonary infection compared. Clinical Rheumatology. 2008; 27(5):557-63.
  10. Zhang L, Wang DX, Ma L. A clinical study of tuberculosis infection in systemic lupus erythematosus. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2008; 47(10):808-10.
  11. Gherghe AM, Matei A, Gyorfi H, Soare A, Dobrota R, Sasu M, et al. Increased incidence of tuberculosis among systemic lupus erythematous patients – should tuberculosis screening at diagnosis be the next step? Arthritis Rheumatology. 2015; 67(Suppl 10).
  12. Ribeiro F, Szyper-Kravitz M, Klumb EM, Lannes G, Ribeiro FR, Albuquerque EM, et al. Can lupus flares be associated with tuberculosis infection? Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology. 2010; 38(2-3):163-8.
  13. Sayarlioglu M, Inanc M, Kamali S, Cefle A, Karaman O, Gul A, et al. Tuberculosis in turkish patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Increased frequency of extrapulmonary localization. Lupus. 2004; 13(4):274-8.
  14. Lewinsohn DM, Leonard MK, LoBue PA, Cohn DL, Daley CL, Desmong E, et al. Official american thoracic society/infectious diseases society of america/centers for disease control and prevention clinical practice guidelines: diagnosis of tuberculosis in adults and children. Clinical Infectious Disease. 2017 January; 64(2):111-115.
  15. Aleem A, Al Arfaj AS, Khalil N, Alarfaj H. Haematological abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus. Acta Reumatologica Portuguesa. 2014; 39(3):236-41.
  16. Sheikh M, Movassaghi S, Khaledi M, Moghaddassi M. Hyperuricemia in systemic lupus erythematosus: is it associated with the neuropsychiatric manifestations of the disease? Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia. 2016 Nov-Dec; 56(6):471-477.
  17. Gaitonde S, Pathan E, Sule A, Mittal G, Joshi VR. Efficacy of isoniazid prophylaxis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus receiving long term steroid treatment. Annals of Rheumatic Disease. 2002; 61(3):251-3.
  18. Xiao X, Chang C. Diagnosis and classification of drug-induced autoimmunity (DIA). Journal of Autoimmunity. 2014; 48-49:66-72.
  19. Navarra SV, Leynes MS. Infections in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2010; 19(12):1419-24.
  20. Ruiz-Irastorza G, Olivares N, Ruiz-Arruza I, Martinez-Berritotxoa A, Egurbide MV, Aguirre C. Predictors of major infections in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Research and Therapy. 2009; 11(4):R109.
  21. Shah M, Chaudhari S, McLaughlin TP, Kan HJ, Bechtel B, Dennis GJ, et al. Cumulative burden of oral corticosteroid adverse effects and the economic implications of corticosteroid use in patients whit systemic lupus erythematosus. Clinical Therapeutics. 2013; 35(4):486-97.
  22. Zahr ZA, Fang H, Magder LS, Petri M. Predictors of corticosteroid tapering in sle patients: the hopkins lupus cohort. Lupus. 2013; 22(7):697-701.
  23. Skare TL, Dagostini JS, Zanardi PI, Nisihara RM. Infections and systemic lupus erythematosus. Einstein (São Paulo). 2016 Jan-Mar; 14(1):47-51.
  24. Danza A, Ruiz-Irastorza G. Infection risk in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: susceptibility factors and preventive strategies. Lupus. 2013; 22(12):1286-94.
  25. Koh JH, Lee J, Jung SM, Ju JH, Park SH, Kim HY, et al. Lupus cystitis in korean patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: risk factors and clinical outcomes. Lupus. 2015; 21(12):1300-7.
  26. Duran-Barragan S, Ruvalcaba-Naranjo H, Rodriguez-Gutierrez L, Solano-Moreno H, Hernandez-Rios G, Sanchez-Ortiz A, et al. Recurrent urinary tract infections and bladder dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2008; 17(12):1117-21.
  27. Pisoni CN, Karim Y, Cuadrado MJ. Mycophenolate mofetil and systemic lupus erythematosus: an overview. Lupus. 2005; 14(Suppl 1).
  28. Borba EF, Ribeiro AC, Martin P, Costa LP, Guedes LK, Bonfa E. Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of herpes zoster in systemic lupus erythematosus. Journal of Clinical Rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases.2010; 16(3):119-22.
  29. Siso A, Ramos-Casals M, Bove A, Brito-Zeron P, Soria N, Munoz S, et al. Previous antimalarial therapy in patients diagnosed with lupus nephropathy. Lupus. 2008; 17(4):281-8.
  30. Bulthink I, Hamann D, Seelen MA, Hart MH, Dijkmans B, Daha MR, et al. Deficiency of mannose-binding lectin is not associated with infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Research & Therapy. 2006; 8(6):R183.
  31. Gordon C, Amissah-Arthur MB, Gayed M, Brown S, Bruce IN, D'Cruz D, et al. The british society for rheumatology guideline for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus in adults. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2018; 57(1):e1-e45.
  32. Rolain JM, Colson P, Raoult D. Recycling of chloroquine and its hydroxyl analogue to face bacterial, fungal and viral infections in the 21st century. Int Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2007; 30(4):297-308.
  33. Savarino A, Boelaert JR, Cassone A, Majori G, Cauda R. Effects of chloroquine on viral infections: an old drug against today's disease? Lancet Infectious Disease. 2003; 3(11):722(7).