This article reviewed the papers which address issues of radiation protection for emergency workers and decontamination workers relating to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in 2011. The papers were published from 2012 to 2017 and they extracted lessons learned from the experiences and provided guidance regarding future preparedness for a similar accident. Numerous reports have been published about the accident. However, the issues regarding the radiation protection of workers have rarely been presented. The reviewed papers provide detailed information on the problems substantiated by reliable primary sources. The article is not arranged chronologically but divided into four broad topics: (a) emergency responses for radiation protection and health care, (b) post emergency responses, (c) establishment of new regulations for decontamination/remediation, and (d) the epidemiological study on health effects of radiation exposure.