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SPATIAL STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF PARTICIPANTS IN THE INDIVIDUAL PENSION SYSTEM OF TURKEY

Year 2019, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 184 - 194, 23.08.2019
https://doi.org/10.20290/estubtdb.518706

Abstract

The individual pension system is known as the personal future investment system that allows participants to regularly save for their retirements. Thus, the role of this system among incomes in retirement has significantly grown in the last decade in Turkey as in other countries. In Turkey, the participation in the individual pension system has been voluntary since the beginning of this system. Thus, it is important to study the factors affecting the participants of the individual pension system and also the distribution of the participants in Turkey. In this study, participants’ data in the individual pension system of Turkey (2013), provided by the Pension Monitoring Center, is examined at provincial level by means of GIS and spatial statistics tools. Firstly, spatial distribution, spatial local and global clustering for the participation rate have been researched. Also, the participant rate in Turkey with the effects of variables measured at provincial level (the labor rate, unemployment rate, sex ratio, urbanization rate, deposit rate, illiteracy rate and human development index) is studied by using the spatial econometrics models. The result shows that there are global and local spatial autocorrelations between the participation rates in Turkey and also the spatial lag model provides better results than the classical regression model and some other spatial models in terms of all criteria.

References

  • [1] Acikgoz E, Uygurturk H, Korkmaz T. Analysis of factors affecting growth of pension mutual funds in Turkey. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues 2015; 5(2): 427-433.
  • [2] Cetin I, Sevuktekin M. Factors affecting people's entrance to individual pension system in Bursa. Journal of Accounting and Finans 2015; 171-191.
  • [3] Kara S, Yildiz Y, Karan MB. Analysis of risk-taking behaviour of individual pension system participants: the case of Turkey. Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting 2015; 2(3): 375-396.
  • [4] Gokcen U, Atakan Yalcin A. The case against active pension funds: evidence from the Turkish private pension system. Emerging Markets Review 2015; 23: 46–67.
  • [5] Çetin I, Sevüktekin M. Türkiye’de bireysel emeklilik sistemi’nin iller bazinda mekansal ekonometrik analizi. In: IBAD 2016 1st International Scientific Researches Congress on Humanities and Social Sciences; 19-22 August 2016; Madrid, Spain.
  • [6] Sahin S, Rittersberger-Tilic H, Elveren, AY. The individual pension system in Turkey: a gendered perspective. Ekonomik Yaklasim 2016; 21(77): 115-142.
  • [7] Yildiz Y, Arslan-Ayaydin O, Karan MB. Payment persistence of participants in Turkish private pension scheme and gender differences. International Journal of Economics and Finance 2016; 8(10): 159-166.
  • [8] Çömlekçi İ, Gökmen O. Bireysel emeklilik sistemine katilmada etkili olan faktörler: TR42 bölgesinde bir araştirma. Journal Of International Social Research2017; 10(49): 579-588.
  • [9] Bauer R, Bonetti M, Broeders D. Pension funds interconnections and herd behaviour. DNB Working Paper No. 612, Amsterdam, 2018.
  • [10] Anselin L. Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988.
  • [11] Anselin L. Thirty years of spatial econometrics. Papers in Regional Science 2010; 89: 3-25. doi:10.1111/j.1435-5957.2010.00279.x
  • [12] Lesage JP, Pace RK. Introduction to Spatial Econometrics. USA: Taylor and Francis Group, 2019.
  • [13] Getis A, Aldstadt AJ. Constructing the spatial weights matrix using a local statistic. Geogr Anal 2004; 36(2): 90–104.
  • [14] Anselin L. Spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity: Model specification issues in the spatial expansion paradigm. In Applications of the Expansion Method 2003; 264-279.
  • [15] Arbia G. Spatial Econometrics—Statistical Foundations and Applications to Regional Convergence, Berlin, Germany: Springer, 2006.
  • [16] Arbia G. Spatial Linear Regression Models. In: A Primer for Spatial Econometrics. London, UK: Palgrave Texts in Econometrics, 2014.

TÜRKİYE'NİN BİREYSEL EMEKLİLİK SİSTEMİNDEKİ KATILIMCILARININ MEKANSAL İSTATİSTİKSEL ANALİZİ

Year 2019, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 184 - 194, 23.08.2019
https://doi.org/10.20290/estubtdb.518706

Abstract

Bireysel emeklilik sistemi katılımcılara emeklilikleri için
düzenli tasarruf imkânı tanıyan bir kişisel gelecek yatırım sistemi olarak
bilinir. Böylece bu sistemin emeklilik gelirlerindeki rolü Türkiye’de de diğer
ülkelerde olduğu gibi önemli şekilde büyümüştür. Türkiye’de sistem başladığından
beri katılım gönüllülük esasına dayalıdır. Böylece Türkiye’de katılımcıların bu
sisteme katılmasındaki faktörlerin etkisinin ve katılımcıların dağılımının
araştırılması önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada katılımcılara ait veriler Emeklilik
Gözetim Merkezi’nden sağlanmış ve il bazında GIS ve mekansal istatistiksel
araçlar yardımıyla incelenmiştir. İlk olarak, katılımcıların mekansal dağılımı,
mekansal global ve lokal kümelenmeleri araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca Türkiye’de
katılımcı oranları, il bazında değişkenlerin (işgücü oranı, işsizlik oranı,
cinsiyet oranı, şehirlilik oranı, mevduat oranı, insani gelişmişlik endeksi) etkisi
bakımından mekansal ekonometrik modeller kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Sonuç
göstermiştir ki, Türkiye’deki katılımcı oranları arasında global ve lokal otokorelasyon
vardır ve mekansal ardışık bağımlı model klasik regresyon modeline ve bazı
diğer mekansal ekonometrik modellere göre tüm kriterler baz alındığında daha
iyi sonuç vermiştir.

References

  • [1] Acikgoz E, Uygurturk H, Korkmaz T. Analysis of factors affecting growth of pension mutual funds in Turkey. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues 2015; 5(2): 427-433.
  • [2] Cetin I, Sevuktekin M. Factors affecting people's entrance to individual pension system in Bursa. Journal of Accounting and Finans 2015; 171-191.
  • [3] Kara S, Yildiz Y, Karan MB. Analysis of risk-taking behaviour of individual pension system participants: the case of Turkey. Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting 2015; 2(3): 375-396.
  • [4] Gokcen U, Atakan Yalcin A. The case against active pension funds: evidence from the Turkish private pension system. Emerging Markets Review 2015; 23: 46–67.
  • [5] Çetin I, Sevüktekin M. Türkiye’de bireysel emeklilik sistemi’nin iller bazinda mekansal ekonometrik analizi. In: IBAD 2016 1st International Scientific Researches Congress on Humanities and Social Sciences; 19-22 August 2016; Madrid, Spain.
  • [6] Sahin S, Rittersberger-Tilic H, Elveren, AY. The individual pension system in Turkey: a gendered perspective. Ekonomik Yaklasim 2016; 21(77): 115-142.
  • [7] Yildiz Y, Arslan-Ayaydin O, Karan MB. Payment persistence of participants in Turkish private pension scheme and gender differences. International Journal of Economics and Finance 2016; 8(10): 159-166.
  • [8] Çömlekçi İ, Gökmen O. Bireysel emeklilik sistemine katilmada etkili olan faktörler: TR42 bölgesinde bir araştirma. Journal Of International Social Research2017; 10(49): 579-588.
  • [9] Bauer R, Bonetti M, Broeders D. Pension funds interconnections and herd behaviour. DNB Working Paper No. 612, Amsterdam, 2018.
  • [10] Anselin L. Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988.
  • [11] Anselin L. Thirty years of spatial econometrics. Papers in Regional Science 2010; 89: 3-25. doi:10.1111/j.1435-5957.2010.00279.x
  • [12] Lesage JP, Pace RK. Introduction to Spatial Econometrics. USA: Taylor and Francis Group, 2019.
  • [13] Getis A, Aldstadt AJ. Constructing the spatial weights matrix using a local statistic. Geogr Anal 2004; 36(2): 90–104.
  • [14] Anselin L. Spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity: Model specification issues in the spatial expansion paradigm. In Applications of the Expansion Method 2003; 264-279.
  • [15] Arbia G. Spatial Econometrics—Statistical Foundations and Applications to Regional Convergence, Berlin, Germany: Springer, 2006.
  • [16] Arbia G. Spatial Linear Regression Models. In: A Primer for Spatial Econometrics. London, UK: Palgrave Texts in Econometrics, 2014.
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Vural Yıldırım 0000-0002-6517-7849

Yeliz Mert Kantar 0000-0001-7101-8943

Publication Date August 23, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yıldırım, V., & Mert Kantar, Y. (2019). SPATIAL STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF PARTICIPANTS IN THE INDIVIDUAL PENSION SYSTEM OF TURKEY. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi B - Teorik Bilimler, 7(2), 184-194. https://doi.org/10.20290/estubtdb.518706
AMA Yıldırım V, Mert Kantar Y. SPATIAL STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF PARTICIPANTS IN THE INDIVIDUAL PENSION SYSTEM OF TURKEY. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi B - Teorik Bilimler. August 2019;7(2):184-194. doi:10.20290/estubtdb.518706
Chicago Yıldırım, Vural, and Yeliz Mert Kantar. “SPATIAL STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF PARTICIPANTS IN THE INDIVIDUAL PENSION SYSTEM OF TURKEY”. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi B - Teorik Bilimler 7, no. 2 (August 2019): 184-94. https://doi.org/10.20290/estubtdb.518706.
EndNote Yıldırım V, Mert Kantar Y (August 1, 2019) SPATIAL STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF PARTICIPANTS IN THE INDIVIDUAL PENSION SYSTEM OF TURKEY. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi B - Teorik Bilimler 7 2 184–194.
IEEE V. Yıldırım and Y. Mert Kantar, “SPATIAL STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF PARTICIPANTS IN THE INDIVIDUAL PENSION SYSTEM OF TURKEY”, Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi B - Teorik Bilimler, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 184–194, 2019, doi: 10.20290/estubtdb.518706.
ISNAD Yıldırım, Vural - Mert Kantar, Yeliz. “SPATIAL STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF PARTICIPANTS IN THE INDIVIDUAL PENSION SYSTEM OF TURKEY”. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi B - Teorik Bilimler 7/2 (August 2019), 184-194. https://doi.org/10.20290/estubtdb.518706.
JAMA Yıldırım V, Mert Kantar Y. SPATIAL STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF PARTICIPANTS IN THE INDIVIDUAL PENSION SYSTEM OF TURKEY. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi B - Teorik Bilimler. 2019;7:184–194.
MLA Yıldırım, Vural and Yeliz Mert Kantar. “SPATIAL STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF PARTICIPANTS IN THE INDIVIDUAL PENSION SYSTEM OF TURKEY”. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi B - Teorik Bilimler, vol. 7, no. 2, 2019, pp. 184-9, doi:10.20290/estubtdb.518706.
Vancouver Yıldırım V, Mert Kantar Y. SPATIAL STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF PARTICIPANTS IN THE INDIVIDUAL PENSION SYSTEM OF TURKEY. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi B - Teorik Bilimler. 2019;7(2):184-9.