Полифенолы Perilla frutescens семейства Lamiaceae, идентифицированные с помощью тандемной масс-спектрометрии

Perilla frutescens получила применение в основном как масличная культура. Семена периллы содержат 40–53 % масла, 28 % белка. Вегетационный период составляет 100–150 дней. В России периллу выращивают на Дальнем Востоке, где урожайность достигает 0.8–1.2 т/га. Это растение короткого дня, поэтому большинство форм не цветет в условиях средней полосы России. Перилла различного географического происхождения имеет свои особенные, резко отличные признаки, характеризующие две географические группы: японскую и корейско-китайскую. Эти группы различаются длиной вегетационного периода, а также по высоте растений, окраске стебля, поверхности и величине листьев, форме куста, форме и размеру соцветий, величине чашечек и цвету семян. Perilla frutescens содержит большое количество полифенольных соединений, которые являются биологически активными компонентами. Цель данной работы состояла в метаболомном исследовании экстрактов из листьев P. frutescens, полученных из коллекции Всероссийского института генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова и выращенных на полях его Дальневосточной опытной станции (Приморский край, Россия). Для идентификации целевых аналитов в экстрактах использовали метод высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии в сочетании с ионной ловушкой. Предварительные результаты показали наличие 23 биологически активных соединений, соответствующих виду P. frutescens. В дополнение к упомянутым метаболитам, в экстрактах P. frutescens был впервые обнаружен ряд соединений. Это кумарин умбеллиферон; тритерпен сквален; стеаридоновая кислота; высокомолекулярные карбоновые кислоты: тетракозановая кислота и сальвиановая кислота C; лигнан сирингарезинол; циклобутановый лигнан сагериновая кислота и др. Широкий спектр биологически активных соединений открывает богатые возможности для создания новых лекарственных средств и биологически активных добавок на основе экстрактов периллы семейства Lamiaceae, подсемейства Lamioideae, трибы Satureji и подтрибы Perillinae.

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