Learning from Task Descriptions

Orion Weller, Nicholas Lourie, Matt Gardner, Matthew E. Peters


Abstract
Typically, machine learning systems solve new tasks by training on thousands of examples. In contrast, humans can solve new tasks by reading some instructions, with perhaps an example or two. To take a step toward closing this gap, we introduce a framework for developing NLP systems that solve new tasks after reading their descriptions, synthesizing prior work in this area. We instantiate this frame- work with a new English language dataset, ZEST, structured for task-oriented evaluation on unseen tasks. Formulating task descriptions as questions, we ensure each is general enough to apply to many possible inputs, thus comprehensively evaluating a model’s ability to solve each task. Moreover, the dataset’s structure tests specific types of systematic generalization. We find that the state-of-the-art T5 model achieves a score of 12% on ZEST, leaving a significant challenge for NLP researchers.
Anthology ID:
2020.emnlp-main.105
Volume:
Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)
Month:
November
Year:
2020
Address:
Online
Editors:
Bonnie Webber, Trevor Cohn, Yulan He, Yang Liu
Venue:
EMNLP
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
1361–1375
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2020.emnlp-main.105
DOI:
10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-main.105
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Orion Weller, Nicholas Lourie, Matt Gardner, and Matthew E. Peters. 2020. Learning from Task Descriptions. In Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pages 1361–1375, Online. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
Learning from Task Descriptions (Weller et al., EMNLP 2020)
Copy Citation:
PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2020.emnlp-main.105.pdf
Video:
 https://slideslive.com/38939344
Data
ZEST