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Autor(en): Liu, Hang
Titel: Exploring metal organic layer based composites for selective electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to formate
Erscheinungsdatum: 2022
Dokumentart: Dissertation
Seiten: X, 189
URI: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-ds-122761
http://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/handle/11682/12276
http://dx.doi.org/10.18419/opus-12259
Zusammenfassung: The massive consumption of fossil fuels has led to a significant accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and a CO2 concentration unprecedented over the past 3 million years. Capturing CO2 and further converting it into valuable chemicals or fuels could contribute to solving this dilemma. In recent years, electrochemical CO2 reduction technology has attracted increasing attention in research and development due to the tremendous advances in green and renewable electricity. This doctoral thesis provides a comprehensive summary of the progress in electrochemical CO2 reduction, especially for the formation of formic acid/formate, due to its advantages in meeting techno-economic requirements. Furthermore, in terms of the catalyst selection, we opt for metal-organic framework (MOF) based materials as our target catalysts, which have received much attention in recent years due to their unique structures. Firstly, considering the poor conductivity of most MOFs, electrocatalysts based on 2D-MOFs (also known as metal-organic layers, MOLs) would be a promising option. Based on the synthesis strategy and stability requirement, we decided to synthesize MOLs with a 2D-kgd lattice, consisting of Zr6-oxo clusters as metal nodes and tridentate linkers. Zr6-oxo-based MOFs, such as UiO-66, are usually found to exhibit good chemical stability. Furthermore, the addition of acetic acid as a capping agent can inhibit the stacking of the MOL layers and enable the direct synthesis of free-standing MOLs. As a result, Zr-TATB MOL was successfully constructed by a facile solvothermal process, using for the first time TATB (4,4’,4’’-s-triazine-2,4,6-triyl-tribenzoate) as a linker. Furthermore, multiple characterizations verified and validated its exact structure, which was in agreement with the expected MOL structure. Secondly, Zr-TATB MOL with multiple anchoring sites on its surface shows a great potential of immobilizing different catalytic sites by post-modification strategies to form MOL composites. As a representative, uniformly dispersed Bi2O3 nanowires were grown on the Zr-TATB MOL, denoted as Bi2O3/MOL. The structure of Bi2O3/MOL was exactly determined by advanced electron microscopy techniques. The post-modification process of Zr-TATB MOL was followed by ex-situ electron microscopy in order to determine the growth process from atomic level dispersion to Bi nanowires. The monolayer morphology of MOL facilitates the characterization of the structures, which provides a good basis for the rational design of MOF composites. Thirdly, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (ECR) tests were conducted in a conventional H-type cell using carbon paper as a backing electrode. Bi2O3/MOL exhibited excellent ECR performance with Faradaic efficiencies of over 85% to formate at a wide potential window (~0.4 V), and the best partial current density reached an impressive value of 2.3 A·mgBi-1. This performance far exceeded that of Bi2O3/UiO (a typical 3D-MOF-based composite) and Bi2O3/AB (a conductive carbon based composite), highlighting the superiority of 2D-MOF composites. The Bi2O3/MOL also exhibited good structural stability, verified by multiple characterizations. In addition, further ECR tests were conducted using gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs), achieving industrially relevant current densities towards formate of over 300 mA·cm-2. Among all MOFs reported for ECR reactions, Bi2O3/MOL exhibited excellent formate generation activity, whether using carbon paper in H-cells or GDEs. Finally, we verified the universality of the post-modification strategy for the design of MOL-based composites. We were able to obtain a series of MOL composites bearing different metal species by tuning the reaction conditions, all of which exhibited good ECR activity. This research demonstrates the great potential of MOL-based composites as electrocatalysts and encourages further exploration of highly tunable MOLs for catalytic studies.
Enthalten in den Sammlungen:03 Fakultät Chemie

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