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Dynamics and Divergence of Export Specialization in Korea

Dynamics and Divergence of Export Specialization in Korea

아태연구
약어 : JAPS
2012 vol.19, no.1, pp.323 - 358
DOI : 10.18107/japs.2012.19.1.011
발행기관 : 경희대학교(국제캠퍼스) 국제지역연구원
연구분야 : 사회과학일반
Copyright © 경희대학교(국제캠퍼스) 국제지역연구원
368 회 열람

This paper examines the dynamics and divergence of Korea's export specialization. Using various analytical tools, our empirical findings are summarized as follows: First, Korea follows the Heckscher-Ohlin model in that the patterns of Korea's comparative advantage have become more in conformity with its factor endowment. Second, the pattern of Korea's revealed comparative advantage has been diverged moving towards specialization. Third, while RCA indices in class a(products comparatively disadvantaged) is persistent, the corresponding figure for other classes exhibit moderate variation in their pattern. Fourth, while unskilled labor intensive products show relatively high degree of export specialization, other product categories demonstrate relatively high degree of export diversification. We find that there exists an upward trend in the degree of specialization for all commodity groups. Finally, Korea's exports are heavily dominated by technology and human capital intensive products.

이 논문은 1997년에서 2010년 사이의 UN 산업별 무역통계를 활용하여 한국의 수출특화를 중심으로 그 구조적 안정성과 동태적 변화 추이를 분석하고 있다. 갈토니안 회귀분석(Galtonian regression)과 이행확률행렬(Transition Probability Matrix) 등의 추정 방법론을 사용하였으며 그 주요 분석 결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 한국의 비교우위패턴은 핵셔-오린(Heckscher-Ohlin) 모형의 예측에 부합하고 있다. 둘째, 한국의 현시된 비교우위는 산업별 특화의 심화로 이행하고 있다. 셋째, 한국의 비교열위 산업은 지속적인 비교열위에서 벗어나지 못하는 동태적 함정(dynamic trap)에 빠져있다. 넷째, 비숙련노동집약산업의 수출특화지수는 비교열위로 심화되는 반면 다른 산업은 높은 수출다각화로의 동태적 진행을 보이고 있다.

xport Specialization, Structural Stability, Revealed Comparative Advantage, Galtonian Regression, Markov Transition Probability Matrix
수출특화, 구조적 안정성, 현시 비교우위, 갈토니안 회귀분석, 마르코프 전이행렬

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