An nMgO containing scaffold: Antibacterial activity, degradation properties and cell responses
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v4i1.120Keywords:
Nano magnesium oxide, antibacterial scaffolds, degradation properties, cytocompatibility, mechanical propertiesAbstract
Bone repair failure caused by implant-related infections is a common and troublesome problem. In this study, an antibacterial scaffold was developed via selective laser sintering with incorporating nano magnesium oxide (nMgO) to poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). The results indicated the scaffold exerted high antibacterial activity. The antibacterial mechanism was that nMgO could cause oxidative damage and mechanical damage to bacteria through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and direct contact action, respectively, which resulted in the damage of their structures and functions. Besides, nMgO significantly increased the compressive properties of the scaffold including strength and modulus, due to its excellent mechanical properties and uniform dispersion in the PHBV matrix. Moreover, the degradation tests indicated nMgO neutralized the acid degradation products of PHBV and benefited the degradation of the scaffold. The cell culture demonstrated that nMgO promoted the cellular adhesion and proliferation, as well as osteogenic differentiation. The present work may open the door to exploring nMgO as a promising antibacterial material for tissue engineering.
References
Zimmerli W, 2014, Clinical presentation and treatment of orthopaedic implant-associated infection. J Intern Med, 276(2): 111–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joim.12233
Saidin S, Chevallier P, Abdul Kadir M R, et al., 2013, Polydopamine as an intermediate layer for silver and hydroxyapatite immobilisation on metallic biomaterials surface. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 33(8): 4715–4724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2013.07.026
Lorenzetti M, Dogsa I, Stosicki T, et al., 2015, The influence of surface modification on bacterial adhesion to titanium-based substrates. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 7(3): 1644–1651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am507148n
Overbye K and Barrett J, 2005, Antibiotics: Where did we go wrong? Drug Discov Today, 10(1): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6446(04)03285-4
Londonkar R L, Madire Kattegouga U, Shivsharanappa K, et al., 2013, Phytochemical screening and in vitro antimicrobial activity of Typha angustifolia Linn leaves extract against pathogenic gram negative micro organisms. J Pharm Res, 6(2): 280–283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jopr.2013.02.010
Trampuz A and Zimmerli W, 2006, Antimicrobial agents in orthopaedic surgery. Drugs, 66(8): 1089–1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-200666080-00005
Goodman S B, Yao Z, Keeney M, et al., 2013, The future of biologic coatings for orthopaedic implants. Biomaterials, 34(13): 3174–3183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.01.074
Yang S, Zhang Y, Yu J, et al., 2014, Antibacterial and mechanical properties of honeycomb ceramic materials incorporated with silver and zinc. Mater Des, 59: 461–465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.03.025
Yazdimamaghani M, Vashaee D, Assefa S, et al., 2014, Hybrid macroporous gelatin/bioactive-glass/nanosilver scaffolds with controlled degradation behavior and antimicrobial activity for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Nanotechnol, 10(6): 911–931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2014.1783
Sánchez-Salcedo S, Shruti S, Salinas A J, et al., 2014, In vitro antibacterial capacity and cytocompatibility of SiO2–CaO–P2O5 meso-macroporous glass scaffolds enriched with ZnO. J Mater Chem B, 2(30): 4836–4847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tb00403e
Vargas-Reus M A, Memarzadeh K, Huang J, et al., 2012, Antimicrobial activity of nanoparticulate metal oxides against peri-implantitis pathogens. Int J Antimicrob Agents, 40(2): 135–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.012
Dizaj S M, Lotfipour F, Barzegar-Jalali M, et al., 2014, Antimicrobial activity of the metals and metal oxide nanoparticles. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 44: 278–284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2014.08.031
Li Y, Zhang W, Niu J, et al., 2012, Mechanism of photogenerated reactive oxygen species and correlation with the antibacterial properties of engineered metal-oxide nanoparticles. ACS Nano, 6(6): 5164–5173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn300934k
Krishnamoorthy K, Moon J Y, Hyun H B, et al., 2012, Mechanistic investigation on the toxicity of MgO nanoparticles toward cancer cells. J Mater Chem, 22(47): 24610–24617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2jm35087d
Staiger M P, Pietak A M, Huadmai J, et al., 2006, Magnesium and its alloys as orthopedic biomaterials: A review. Biomaterials, 27(9): 1728–1734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.10.003
De Silva R T, Mantilaka M M, Ratnayake S P, et al., 2017, Nano-MgO reinforced chitosan nanocomposites for high performance packaging applications with improved mechanical, thermal and barrier properties. Carbohydr Polym, 157: 739–747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.10.038
Zhao Y, Liu B, You C, et al., 2016, Effects of MgO whiskers on mechanical properties and crystallization behavior of PLLA/MgO composites. Mater Des, 89: 573–581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.09.157
Haldorai Y and Shim J-J, 2014, An efficient removal of methyl orange dye from aqueous solution by adsorption onto chitosan/MgO composite: A novel reusable adsorbent. Appl Surf Sci, 292: 447–453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.11.158
Yamamoto O, Ohira T, Alvarez K, et al., 2010, Antibacterial characteristics of CaCO3–MgO composites. Mater Sci Eng B, 173(1–3): 208–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2009.12.007
Ma F, Lu X, Wang Z, et al., 2011, Nanocomposites of poly(ʟ-lactide) and surface modified magnesia nanoparticles: Fabrication, mechanical property and biodegradability. J Phys Chem Solids, 72(2): 111–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2010.11.008
Feng P, Peng S, Wu P, et al., 2016, A space network structure constructed by tetraneedlelike ZnO whiskers supporting boron nitride nanosheets to enhance comprehensive properties of poly (ʟ-lacti acid) scaffolds. Sci Rep, 6: 33385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep33385
Lee J M, Sing S L, Tan E Y S, et al., 2016, Bioprinting in cardiovascular tissue engineering: A review. Int J Bioprint, 2(2): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/IJB.2016.02.006
Murphy C, Kolan K, Li W, et al., 2017, 3D bioprinting of stem cells and polymer/bioactive glass composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Int J Bioprint, 3(1): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/IJB.2017.01.005
Eshraghi S and Das S, 2010, Mechanical and microstructural properties of polycaprolactone scaffolds with 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D orthogonally oriented porous architectures produced by selective laser sintering. Acta Biomater, 6(7): 2467–2476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2010.02.002
Eshraghi S and Das S, 2012, Micromechanical finite-element modeling and experimental characterization of the compressive mechanical properties of polycaprolactone–hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds prepared by selective laser sintering for bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater, 8(8): 3138–3143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2012.04.022
Amalric J, Mutin P H, Guerrero G, et al., 2009, Phosphonate monolayers functionalized by silver thiolate species as antibacterial nanocoatings on titanium and stainless steel. J Mater Chem, 19(1): 141–149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b813344a
Simchi A, Tamjid E, Pishbin F, et al., 2011, Recent progress in inorganic and composite coatings with bactericidal capability for orthopaedic applications. Nanomedicine, 7(1): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2010.10.005
Ye L, Liu J, Jiang Z, et al., 2013, Facets coupling of BiOBr-g-C3N4 composite photocatalyst for enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity. Appl Catal B, 142–143: 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.04.058
Wu D, Wang B, Wang W, et al., 2015, Visible-light-driven BiOBr nanosheets for highly facet-dependent photocatalytic inactivation of Escherichia coli. J Mater Chem A, 3(29): 15148–15155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta02757h
Bruzauskaite I, Bironaite D, Bagdonas E, et al., 2016, Scaffolds and cells for tissue regeneration: Different scaffold pore sizes-different cell effects. Cytotechnology, 68(3): 355–369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10616-015-9895-4
Roosa S M, Kemppainen J M, Moffitt E N, et al., 2010, The pore size of polycaprolactone scaffolds has limited influence on bone regeneration in an in vivo model. J Biomed Mater Res A, 92(1): 359–368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.32381
Schek R M, Wilke E N, Hollister S J, et al., 2006, Combined use of designed scaffolds and adenoviral gene therapy for skeletal tissue engineering. Biomaterials, 27(7): 1160–1166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.07.029
Ten E, Jiang L and Wolcott M P, 2012, Crystallization kinetics of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/cellulose nanowhiskers composites. Carbohydr Polym, 90(1): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.076
Shuai C, Guo W, Gao C, et al., 2017, Calcium silicate improved bioactivity and mechanical properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) scaffolds. Polymers, 9(5): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym9050175
Yin Y, Zhang G and Xia Y, 2002, Synthesis and characterization of MgO nanowires through a vapor-phase precursor method. Adv Funct Mater, 12(4): 293–298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1616-3028(20020418)12:4<293::aid-adfm293>3.0.co;2-u
Hutmacher D W, Schantz J T, Lam C X, et al., 2007, State of the art and future directions of scaffold-based bone engineering from a biomaterials perspective. J Tissue Eng Regen Med, 1(4): 245–260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/term.24
Ning N-y, Yin Q-j, Luo F, et al., 2007, Crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of polypropylene/halloysite composites. Polymer, 48(25): 7374–7384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2007.10.005
Li H Y, Tan Y Q, Zhang L, et al., 2012, Bio-filler from waste shellfish shell: Preparation, characterization, and its effect on the mechanical properties on polypropylene composites. J Hazard Mater, 217–218: 256–262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.03.028
He F, Fan J and Lau S, 2008, Thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties of graphite reinforced poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites. Polym Test, 27(8): 964–970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2008.08.010
Maity J, Jacob C, Das C K, et al., 2008, Direct fluorination of Twaron fiber and the mechanical, thermal and crystallization behaviour of short Twaron fiber reinforced polypropylene composites. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf, 39(5): 825–833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.01.009
Peng D, Qin W, Wu X, et al., 2015, Improvement of the resistance performance of carbon/cyanate ester composites during vacuum electron radiation by reduced graphene oxide modified TiO2. RSC Adv, 5(94): 77138–77146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra11113g
Liu G, Zhou T, Liu W, et al., 2014, Enhanced desulfurization performance of PDMS membranes by incorporating silver decorated dopamine nanoparticles. J Mater Chem A, 2(32): 12907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta01778a
Lee S-W, Han S M and Nix W D, 2009, Uniaxial compression of fcc Au nanopillars on an MgO substrate: The effects of prestraining and annealing. Acta Mater, 57(15): 4404–4415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2009.06.002
Applerot G, Lellouche J, Lipovsky A, et al., 2012, Understanding the antibacterial mechanism of CuO nanoparticles: Revealing the route of induced oxidative stress. Small, 8(21): 3326–3337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201200772
Applerot G, Lipovsky A, Dror R, et al., 2009, Enhanced antibacterial activity of nanocrystalline ZnO due to increased ROS-mediated cell injury. Adv Funct Mater, 19(6): 842–852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200801081
Sawai J, Kojima H, Igarashi H, et al., 2000, Antibacterial characteristics of magnesium oxide powder. World J Microbiol Biotechnol, 16(2): 187–194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008916209784
Krishnamoorthy K, Manivannan G, Kim S J, et al., 2012, Antibacterial activity of MgO nanoparticles based on lipid peroxidation by oxygen vacancy. J Nanopart Res, 14(9): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11051-012-1063-6
Sterrer M, Diwald O and Knözinger E, 2000, Vacancies and electron deficient surface anions on the surface of MgO nanoparticles. J Phys Chem B, 104(15): 3601–3607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp993924l
Berger T, Sterrer M, Stankic S, et al., 2005, Trapping of photogenerated charges in oxide nanoparticles. Mater Sci Eng C, 25(5–8): 664–668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2005.06.013
Sterrer M, Berger T, Diwald O, et al., 2003, Energy transfer on the MgO surface, monitored by UV-induced H2 chemisorption. J Am Chem Soc, 125(1): 195–199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja028059o
Long T C, Saleh N, Tilton R D, et al., 2006, Titanium dioxide (P25) produces reactive oxygen species in immortalized brain microglia (BV2): Implications for nanoparticle neurotoxicity. Environ Sci Technol, 40(14): 4346–4352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es060589n
Xia T, Kovochich M, Brant J, et al., 2006, Comparison of the abilities of ambient and manufactured nanoparticles to induce cellular toxicity according to an oxidative stress paradigm. Nano Lett, 6(8): 1794–1807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl061025k
Jin T and He Y, 2011, Antibacterial activities of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles against foodborne pathogens. J Nanopart Res, 13(12): 6877–6885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11051-011-0595-5
Yamamoto O, Sawai J, Kojima H, et al., 2002, Effect of mixing ratio on bactericidal action of MgO–CaO powders. J Mater Sci Mater Med, 13(8): 789–792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016179225955
Jeevanandam P and Klabunde K, 2002, A study on adsorption of surfactant molecules on magnesium oxide nanocrystals prepared by an aerogel route. Langmuir, 18(13): 5309–5313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la0200921
He Y, Ingudam S, Reed S, et al., 2016, Study on the mechanism of antibacterial action of magnesium oxide nanoparticles against foodborne pathogens. J Nanobiotechnol, 14(1): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12951-016-0202-0
Salomao R, Bittencourt L and Pandolfelli V, 2007, A novel approach for magnesia hydration assessment in refractory castables. Ceram Int, 33(5): 803–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2006.01.004
Mo L, Deng M, Tang M, et al., 2014, MgO expansive cement and concrete in China: Past, present and future. Cem Concr Res, 57: 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.12.007
Shan D, Shi Y, Duan S, et al., 2013, Electrospun magnetic poly (ʟ-lactide) (PLLA) nanofibers by incorporating PLLA-stabilized Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Mater Sci Eng C, 33(6): 3498–3505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2013.04.040
Marom R, Shur I, Solomon R, et al., 2005, Characterization of adhesion and differentiation markers of osteogenic marrow stromal cells. J Cell Physiol, 202(1): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.20109
Wang F, Zhai D, Wu C, et al., 2016, Multifunctional mesoporous bioactive glass/upconversion nanoparticle nanocomposites with strong red emission to monitor drug delivery and stimulate osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. Nano Res, 9(4): 1193–1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12274-016-1015-z
Zhang J and Zhu Y, 2014, Synthesis and characterization of CeO2-incorporated mesoporous calcium-silicate materials. Microporous Mesoporous Mater, 197: 244–251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2014.06.018
Hoppe A, Guldal N S and Boccaccini A R, 2011, A review of the biological response to ionic dissolution products from bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics. Biomaterials, 32(11): 2757–2774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.01.004
Yamniuk A P and Vogel H J, 2005, Calcium- and magnesium-dependent interactions between calcium- and integrin-binding protein and the integrin αIIb cytoplasmic domain. Protein Sci, 14(6): 1429–1437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1110/ps.041312805
Zreiqat H, Howlett C, Zannettino A, et al., 2002, Mechanisms of magnesium-stimulated adhesion of osteoblastic cells to commonly used orthopaedic implants. J Biomed Mater Res A, 62(2): 175–184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.10270
Bouvard D, Pouwels J, De Franceschi N, et al., 2013, Integrin inactivators: Balancing cellular functions in vitro and in vivo. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 14(7): 430–442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm3599
Bourboulia D and Stetler-Stevenson W G, 2010, Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs): Positive and negative regulators in tumor cell adhesion. Semin Cancer Biol, 20(3): 161–168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.05.002
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Bioprinting
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.