본 연구의 목적은 조선시대 관료권학책 중 하나였던 제술문신(製述文臣) 제도의 정조대 운영상황을 살펴보고 그 주요특징을 파악하는 것이다.
운영상의 주요 내용은 다음과 같다. 대상자는 50세 미만의 당하관(堂下官)이었다. 매년 연령 및 관직 품계의 변동을 파악하여 대상자명단을 정리한 것으로 보아 연령과 품계 이외에는 대상자에 별도의 제한을 두지 않았다. 봄·가을로 매년 2차례 주기적으로 시행하였으며 시험과목은 부(賦), 표(表), 논(論), 명(銘), 배율시(排律詩) 등 다양한 문체로 평가하였다. 시험문제는 경전 및 역사서의 구절에서 발췌하였기 때문에 시험문제를 이해하고 해당형식의 문체로 글을 작성하기 위해서는 경전이해 및 제술능력을 평소에 연마해야 했다. 성적 우등자에게는 물품을 하사하거나 승진혜택을 부여하였다. 반면에 시험에 불참하거나 답안을 작성하지 않은 경우 또는 작성한 글의 수준이 낮을 경우에는 추고(推考) 등의 처벌을 하였다. 다만, 대상자의 출신과거를 감안하여 제술능력이 비교적 뛰어나지 않을 경우 처벌 수준을 달리하였다.
정조대 제술문신 제도의 전반적인 운영 특징은 영조대 규정을 기반으로 왕이 직접 주관하는 친림전강의 방식을 고수하면서 대상자관리 및 시험결과처리를 엄격히 하여 제도가 실효성을 갖고 운영되도록 노력하였다. 정조대 제술문신 제도를 통해 문신들의 문한업무능력을 향상시키고 평소에 학업을 연마하도록 한 조선시대 문신재교육의 특징을 뚜렷이 확인할 수 있었다.
The purpose of this study is to examine the implementation of the Jesul-Moonshin (製術文臣) policy during Jeongjo's (正祖) regime, which was the representative policy of encouraging scholarship for state officials during the Joseon Dynasty. The main characteristics of the implementation are as follows: it was conducted periodically twice a year in spring and autumn, and various writing formats were evaluated for the literati officials under the age of 50. Since the test questions were extracted from the classic books regarding Confucianism, the officials had to study hard to understand the test questions and to write in the appropriate style of writing. Those with excellent grades were promoted, and those with low grades or who did not write answers were punished. The degrees of punishments differ according to the type of the state exam in which they passed to become the state-official. The procedures of the test were done in accordance with Yeongjo’s (英祖) regulation, and Jeongjo actively made use of Jeon’gang (殿講) carried out directly by the king, all the time. He, also strictly managed the procedures and the test results in order to ensure that the system has been carried out effectively. This system has succeeded in improving the literati officials' work skills and making them study hard on a daily basis. This shows the characteristics of in-service education for literati officials during Jeongjo's regime.
The purpose of this study is to examine the implementation of the Jesul-Moonshin (製術文臣) policy during Jeongjo's (正祖) regime, which was the representative policy of encouraging scholarship for state officials during the Joseon Dynasty. The main characteristics of the implementation are as follows: it was conducted periodically twice a year in spring and autumn, and various writing formats were evaluated for the literati officials under the age of 50. Since the test questions were extracted from the classic books regarding Confucianism, the officials had to study hard to understand the test questions and to write in the appropriate style of writing. Those with excellent grades were promoted, and those with low grades or who did not write answers were punished. The degrees of punishments differ according to the type of the state exam in which they passed to become the state-official. The procedures of the test were done in accordance with Yeongjo’s (英祖) regulation, and Jeongjo actively made use of Jeon’gang (殿講) carried out directly by the king, all the time. He, also strictly managed the procedures and the test results in order to ensure that the system has been carried out effectively. This system has succeeded in improving the literati officials' work skills and making them study hard on a daily basis. This shows the characteristics of in-service education for literati officials during Jeongjo's regime.
