본 연구는 호칭 명사의 대명사적 쓰임에 대한 연구이다. 명사를 대신하는 품사가 대명사이다. 그런데 한문에서는 명사를 대신하기는 하지만, 대명사가 아닌 경우가 있다. 바로 이칭 명사이다. 한문의 전통에서 이러한 이칭 명사는 字(자), 號(호), 諡號(시호), 別稱(별칭), 別稱地名(별칭지명) 등으로 동일한 작품이나 문장 내에서 같은 인물이나 장소 등을 대신하는 쓰임이 있다. 대명사 가운데서도 일반 대명사와 위계표시 대명사는 화자와 대상 사이에 관계를 드러내는 정도가 차이가 있다.
이에 본고에서는 실제 쓰임을 분석하여 대명사 가운데 일반 대명사와 위계표시 대명사를 구분해 내었다. 또한 대명사와 이칭 명사의 경계를 구분해 내었다. 일반 대명사와 위계표시 대명사는 위계 표현의 정도가 다름을 밝혔다. 일반 대명사는 화자와 가리키는 대상의 위계의 표현이 미약하다. 그러나 위계표시 대명사는 화자와 가리키는 대상의 위계의 표현이 분명하다. 대명사와 이칭 명사는 맥락을 벗어난 낱개의 글자나 단어일 때의 성질이 다름을 밝혔다. 대명사는 맥락에서 대상을 가리키는 역할을 하지만, 맥락을 벗어난 낱글자나 단어로서는 대상을 특정하지 못한다. 이러한 성질은 일반 대명사 위계표시 대명사 모두 같다. 반면 이칭 명사는 맥락 내에서도 특정 대상의 다른 별칭으로 대상을 대신하는 쓰임이 있을 뿐 아니라, 맥락을 벗어난 단어의 상태에서도 대상을 특정하면서 명사의 성질을 유지한다.
또한 현행 교과서의 실제 분석을 통해 이칭 명사의 제시와 설명의 상황을 분석하였다. 대부분의 교과서는 이칭 명사가 있는 문장을 교과내용으로 사용하고 있으며, 이칭에 대해서 밝혀 놓았다. 그러나 그 쓰임을 설명하지 않았다. 일부 교과서는 이칭 명사가 있는 문장을 내용내용으로 사용하고 있으면서도, 이칭에 대해 밝히지도 않고, 그 쓰임을 설명하지도 않았다. 이는 이칭 명사에 대한 쓰임을 분명하게 하지 않은데서 발생한 문제이다. 따라서 이를 보완할 필요가 있음을 밝혔다. 이에 한문과 교육과정에 정의된 명사와 대명사의 개념을 보완을 제언하는 바이다.
This study is a study on the Use of Other Titles as Pronouns. The parts of speech that replace nouns are pronouns. In Chinese, however, there are parts of speech that replace nouns but are not pronouns. They are other titles. In the tradition of Chinese texts, these other titles include name(字), nickname (號), posthumous name (諡號), byname (別稱), and byname of place (別稱地名), which are used to replace the same person, place, etc. in the same work or sentence. Among pronouns, general pronouns and hierarchy indicating pronouns differ from each other in the degree to which the relationship between the speaker and the object is revealed. Therefore, in this paper, actual uses were analyzed to distinguish between general pronouns and hierarchy indicating pronouns among pronouns. It was revealed that the degrees to which hierarchies are expressed are different between general pronouns and hierarchy indicating pronouns. In the case of general pronouns, the expression of the hierarchies of the speaker and the object pointed by the speaker is weak but in the case of hierarchy indicating pronouns, the expression of the hierarchies of the speaker and the object pointed by the speaker is clear. It was also revealed that pronouns and other titles have different natures when they are individual letters or words outside the context. Pronouns play the role of pointing the objects in contexts, but they cannot specify any object when they are individual letters or words outside the context. This nature is identical for both general pronouns and hierarchy indicating pronouns. On the other hand, other titles not only are used to replace the name of certain objects as the bynames of the objects but also specify the objects and maintain the nature of nouns even when they are outside the context. In addition, through actual analysis of current textbooks, situations where other titles are presented and explained were analyzed. Most textbooks use sentences containing other titles as curriculum contents and revealed other titles but did not explain the uses of other titles. Some textbooks use sentences containing other titles as curriculum contents but did not reveal other titles or explain the uses. This is a problem that occurred because the uses of other titles were not clarified. Therefore, this paper indicated that the foregoing should be supplemented. Therefore, this paper suggests supplementation of the concepts of nouns and pronouns defined in the Chinese characters text curriculum.
This study is a study on the Use of Other Titles as Pronouns. The parts of speech that replace nouns are pronouns. In Chinese, however, there are parts of speech that replace nouns but are not pronouns. They are other titles. In the tradition of Chinese texts, these other titles include name(字), nickname (號), posthumous name (諡號), byname (別稱), and byname of place (別稱地名), which are used to replace the same person, place, etc. in the same work or sentence. Among pronouns, general pronouns and hierarchy indicating pronouns differ from each other in the degree to which the relationship between the speaker and the object is revealed. Therefore, in this paper, actual uses were analyzed to distinguish between general pronouns and hierarchy indicating pronouns among pronouns. It was revealed that the degrees to which hierarchies are expressed are different between general pronouns and hierarchy indicating pronouns. In the case of general pronouns, the expression of the hierarchies of the speaker and the object pointed by the speaker is weak but in the case of hierarchy indicating pronouns, the expression of the hierarchies of the speaker and the object pointed by the speaker is clear. It was also revealed that pronouns and other titles have different natures when they are individual letters or words outside the context. Pronouns play the role of pointing the objects in contexts, but they cannot specify any object when they are individual letters or words outside the context. This nature is identical for both general pronouns and hierarchy indicating pronouns. On the other hand, other titles not only are used to replace the name of certain objects as the bynames of the objects but also specify the objects and maintain the nature of nouns even when they are outside the context. In addition, through actual analysis of current textbooks, situations where other titles are presented and explained were analyzed. Most textbooks use sentences containing other titles as curriculum contents and revealed other titles but did not explain the uses of other titles. Some textbooks use sentences containing other titles as curriculum contents but did not reveal other titles or explain the uses. This is a problem that occurred because the uses of other titles were not clarified. Therefore, this paper indicated that the foregoing should be supplemented. Therefore, this paper suggests supplementation of the concepts of nouns and pronouns defined in the Chinese characters text curriculum.
