해상ㆍ항만에서의 테러에 대한 국제적 규제는 UN의 해양협약이나 IMO의 제네바 협약에서는 해적 또는 해상무장강도의 개념만으로 해결될 것으로 생각하고 해적은 인류의 공동의 적으로 간주하고 체포한 어느 국가이든지 처벌할 수 있도록 하였고 해상무장강도는 당해 국가의 사법질서에 따르게 하였다. 그러나 1985년의 이탈리아 여객선 Achille Lauro사건에서 위의 개념으로는 처벌할 수 없게 되어 이를 계기로 1988 SUA 협약과 동 협약 의정서 체제가 성립되어, 해상테러범은 반드시 처벌된다는 원칙인 ‘관할국 인도 아니면 자국 기소’ 원칙이 성립되었다. 그런데 2001년 911테러의 발생으로 테러의 개념이 바뀌어, 선박이나 대량살상무기에 의한 테러 및 자살테러에 대하여 국제기구나 국제법이 아무런 역할을 하지 못한다는 것을 알게 되었다. 이에 IMO는 이에 대비하기 위하여 2005 SUA 협약과 동 협약 의정서를 체결함과 동시에 국제해상보안규칙(ISPS Code)을 제정하여 시행에 들어갔다.
우리나라는 1988 SUA 협약체제에 가입하여, 국내이행법인 선박 및 해상구조물에 대한 위해행위의 처벌 등에 관한 법률을 제정 시행하고 있으며, ISPS Code 이행법인 국제항해 및 항만시설의 보안에 관한 법률을 제정 시행중에 있다. 그러나 서방국가들과 중국, 러시아 등의 의견 차이를 보이는 2005 SUA 협약 및 동의정서에는 비준하지 아니하며, 국제범죄의심 선박에 대한 승선ㆍ검색에 대하여는 북한의 눈치를 보는 등 어정쩡한 태도를 보이고 있다. 우리나라는 해양대국이며 대외무역의존도가 가장 높은 나라이다. 따라서 우리가 해양외교에 있어 분명한 자세를 보여야 한다. 더 이상 해양외교에서 중간자의 위치에 설 것이 아니라 해상테러에 대한 단호한 자세를 보여야 한다. 더 나아가 우리나라가 아직 비준하지 않은 10개의 협약에 비준절차를 이행하여 해양외교 역량을 키워서, 해상테러에 대비하는 국제해양경찰 창설을 주도하고, 국내적으로는 2005 SUA 협약 및 동의정서에 따라 국제해양범죄의 구성요건을 추가하는 개정함과 더불어 국제기준에 맞는 형법의 개정에로 나아가야 한다. 또한 해상항만의 안전에 대한 사이버테러에 대비하는 사이버테러방지법을 제정하여야 한다.
Crime, piracy and maritime armed robbery only knew for a long time, in the sea or in port. Pirates known as the common enemy of humanity, the country could be punished by arrest. The Geneva Convention on the high seas in 1958, the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, statutory, customary international law on the Pirates. There were other kinds of maritime terrorism, piracy and maritime armed robbery and in 1985. That is the it was Achille Lauroissue. SUA Convention in 1988 in the wake of this incident arose. 2001, 9. 11. new form of terrorism has occurred. So, it came up with the 2005 SUA Convention and 2005 SUA Protocol to the Convention, and then continue up to the present day. Maritime and port in illegal activities is becoming more and more violent. Increased human and material damage. But in the 21st century, new aspects of terrorism, they appeared. Some times were even terrorism committed by the state. So accord of SUA was signed in 2005, should join as soon as possible. Amended by the Treaty, the implementation of the law and should be prepared to maritime terrorism. We do not need to be afraid of North Korea, especially since 2009 when Lee Myung-bak government in front of the PSI (Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation Security Initiative). In other words, the criminal suspect boarded the ships, should be searched. Western countries as well as China, Russia, India, and other Asian countries should cooperate. So, maritime diplomacy should be increased. Against piracy and maritime terrorism should be arrested by the police. The international police to arrest, detention, extradition and prosecution procedures are required. Police Organization International Maritime Organization, Korea should be proposed. Korea being a lot of cyber-terrorism. The main attacker North. Cyber-Terrorism Act should be enacted. So be prepared for a cyber terrorism. Korea is the largest trade. Most trade through the sea and the harbor.It is our duty to ensure the safety of the sea and the harbor.
Crime, piracy and maritime armed robbery only knew for a long time, in the sea or in port. Pirates known as the common enemy of humanity, the country could be punished by arrest. The Geneva Convention on the high seas in 1958, the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, statutory, customary international law on the Pirates. There were other kinds of maritime terrorism, piracy and maritime armed robbery and in 1985. That is the it was Achille Lauroissue. SUA Convention in 1988 in the wake of this incident arose. 2001, 9. 11. new form of terrorism has occurred. So, it came up with the 2005 SUA Convention and 2005 SUA Protocol to the Convention, and then continue up to the present day. Maritime and port in illegal activities is becoming more and more violent. Increased human and material damage. But in the 21st century, new aspects of terrorism, they appeared. Some times were even terrorism committed by the state. So accord of SUA was signed in 2005, should join as soon as possible. Amended by the Treaty, the implementation of the law and should be prepared to maritime terrorism. We do not need to be afraid of North Korea, especially since 2009 when Lee Myung-bak government in front of the PSI (Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation Security Initiative). In other words, the criminal suspect boarded the ships, should be searched. Western countries as well as China, Russia, India, and other Asian countries should cooperate. So, maritime diplomacy should be increased. Against piracy and maritime terrorism should be arrested by the police. The international police to arrest, detention, extradition and prosecution procedures are required. Police Organization International Maritime Organization, Korea should be proposed. Korea being a lot of cyber-terrorism. The main attacker North. Cyber-Terrorism Act should be enacted. So be prepared for a cyber terrorism. Korea is the largest trade. Most trade through the sea and the harbor.It is our duty to ensure the safety of the sea and the harbor.
