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A Fast Automatic Method for Deconvoluting Macro X-Ray Fluorescence Data Collected from Easel Paintings

Accepted version
Peer-reviewed

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Abstract

Macro X-ray Fluorescence (MA-XRF) scanning is increasingly widely used by researchers in heritage science to analyse easel paintings as one of a suite of non-invasive imaging techniques. The task of processing the resulting MA XRF datacube generated in order to produce individual chemical element maps is called MA-XRF deconvolution. While there are several existing methods that have been proposed for MA-XRF deconvolution, they require a degree of manual intervention from the user that can affect the final results. The state-of-the-art AFRID approach can automatically deconvolute the datacube without user input, but it has a long processing time and does not exploit spatial dependency. In this paper, we propose two versions of a fast automatic deconvolution (FAD) method for MA-XRF datacubes collected from easel paintings with ADMM (alternating direction method of multipliers) and FISTA (fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm). The proposed FAD method not only automatically analyses the datacube and produces element distribution maps of high-quality with spatial dependency considered, but also significantly reduces the running time. The results generated on the MA-XRF datacubes collected from two easel paintings from the National Gallery, London, verify the performance of the proposed FAD method.

Description

Keywords

Macro X-ray Fluorescence scanning, XRF deconvolution, finite rate of innovation, FISTA, ADMM, matrix factorisation

Journal Title

IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

2573-0436
2333-9403

Volume Title

Publisher

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Sponsorship
This work is in part supported by EPSRC grant EP/R032785/1. Su Yan is supported by China Scholarship Council (CSC) scholarship. Herman Verinaz-Jadan was in part supported by SENESCYT