21세기 국제화․세계화의 증대와 함께 동아시아에서 한국과 일본은 보다 다양하고 긴밀한 인적 문화적 교류의 필요성이 커지고 있다. 이런 흐름에 앞서 17세기에서 18세기에 걸쳐서 일본의 유학자이며 외교관으로서 확실한 자리매김을 하며 조선과 일본 사이에서 뛰어난 선린교류의 활약상을 보였던 아메노모리호슈(雨森芳洲)의 ‘성신외교(誠信外交)’는 지금에도 대단히 유효한 시대정신으로 평가된다.
본고에서는 ‘성신외교’의 한복판에서 아메노모리호슈가 직․간접으로 관여한 일본인으로서 조선인의 일본어학습 어휘집인 『왜어유해(倭語類解)』(18세기 말기에 간행된 일본어 어휘집)와 일본인의 조선어학습서 『교린수지(交隣須知)』(초간본은 1880년에 완성) 등의 저서를 통하여 그의 언어관과 당시의 시대적 문화상을 살펴보았다. 그리고 『교린제성(交隣提醒)』(국제관계서) 등의 저서와 기록물을 검토하여 국제교류에 관한 그의 사상적 원칙과 실천에 대해서도 확인하고 검토할 수 있었다.
아메노모리호슈의 언어관으로는 첫째, 언어의 보편성에 대한 확고한 신념을 가지고 있었으며 구조가 다른 언어라 하더라도 의사소통의 수단으로서 가치는 동등하다고 하였다. 둘째, 문자와 표기에 관하여 한자(漢字)의 우월성을 반대하였고, 한글에 대한 업신여김도 비판하였다. 셋째, 통역이란 말의 기술자라는 역할로 끝나는 것이 아니라 학문과 교양을 겸비하고 상대 나라의 사정과 관습 등에 능해야 한다고 하였다. 넷째, 상대국의 언어를 아는 것이 중요하기에 언어교육의 중요성을 인식하고 끊임없는 언어학습을 강조하였다.
그리고 국제교류에서 중요한 기본적인 인식은 첫째, 상대 문화를 이해하고 존중하려는 노력으로 공생해야 함이 가장 기본이라고 주장하였다. 둘째, 상대에 대한 문화의 차이를 인정하고 일원적 가치관을 벗어나 다원적 가치관을 용인하는 세계관을 이상향으로 삼았다.
이러한 언어관과 인식은 보편적 인간성의 척도로 각 민족의 독자적인 가치를 평가해야 한다는 내용과 맥을 같이한다고 볼 수 있다.
본고를 통해 다양한 문화의 사람들이 교류하며 지낼 수밖에 없는 현 시대의 국제화 사회에서 어떻게 언어문화소통으로 이해하고 협력하는 국제교류가 이뤄져야할 것인지에 대한 교훈을 얻게 된 것이 큰 수확이었다고 생각한다.
아메노모리호슈는 그 당시의 흔치 않은 조선어와 중국어를 이해하고 구사했던 트리링궐(trilingual)의 능력자로서 조선문화에 대한 폭넓은 지식을 배경으로 조선과 일본을 잇는 성심외교관으로 활약했음을 자료를 통하여 확인할 수 있었다.
또한 아메노모리호슈의 언어관과 국제교류에 관한 사상은 21세기의 화두로 떠오른 문화교류와 시민교류라는 풀뿌리 교류의 측면에서도 대단히 유효한 내용임에 틀림없다고 판단된다.
Two East Asian countries, Korea and Japan are in the critical phase of establishing personal and cultural exchange in the wake of internationalization and globalization in the twenty-first century. Amenomori Hoshu (1688–1755), a diplomat and confucian scholar from the 17th to 18th century, who played an active role in building a good-neighbor relationship between the Chosun Dynasty and Japan has been appreciated as a great spirit of the contemporary times with his “sincerity and faith diplomacy.”This paper examines the perception on language and culture of the time through the Japanese study material in Chosun, Wagoruikai (Japanese wordbook published in the late 18th century) and Japan’s Chosun language study book Korinsuchi (the manuscript was completed in 1880), both of which Amerinomori Hoshu involved in directly and indirectly in the middle of his “sincerity and faith diplomacy.” Also this paper verifies his idealogical principles and practices regarding international exchange by examining books and records such as Korinteisei (book of international relationship). Ameinomori Hoshu’s view on language is, first of all, that he had a firm belief in the universality of language. He explained that languages with different structures bear an equal value as a communication tool. Second, he opposed to the notion of superiority of the Chinese character and criticized scorn for the Korean character Hangul. Third, he claimed that an interpreter should not just be a technician of languages but an expert of the other country’s current affairs and culture by being academic and sophisticated. Fourth, since he recognized that the importance of knowing other country's language, Ameinomori Hoshu emphasized the value of language education as well as continuos language learning. He opined that some fundamental perceptions of international exchange are: first, we should make an effort to understand and respect the other country’s culture so that both countries peacefully coexist; second, he recognized the difference of cultures and suggested embracing diversity rather than insisting on a single value. It is in line with the idea that each ethnic group should be viewed by a universal humanity standard. In the globalized world where people inevitably live with others from different cultural backgrounds, the paper provides views on international exchange that communication of language and culture can lead to understanding and cooperation. Amerinomori Hoshu as a rare trilingual of Korean, Chinese and Japanese at the time, this paper finds that he played an active role as a sincerity and faith diplomat who bridged Chosun and Japan with his broad knowledge about the Korean culture. This paper confirms that Amerinomori Hoshu's views on language and international exchanges carries important implications on the so-called grass root exchange of the 21st century through cultural exchanges and exchanges by private sectors.
Two East Asian countries, Korea and Japan are in the critical phase of establishing personal and cultural exchange in the wake of internationalization and globalization in the twenty-first century. Amenomori Hoshu (1688–1755), a diplomat and confucian scholar from the 17th to 18th century, who played an active role in building a good-neighbor relationship between the Chosun Dynasty and Japan has been appreciated as a great spirit of the contemporary times with his “sincerity and faith diplomacy.”This paper examines the perception on language and culture of the time through the Japanese study material in Chosun, Wagoruikai (Japanese wordbook published in the late 18th century) and Japan’s Chosun language study book Korinsuchi (the manuscript was completed in 1880), both of which Amerinomori Hoshu involved in directly and indirectly in the middle of his “sincerity and faith diplomacy.” Also this paper verifies his idealogical principles and practices regarding international exchange by examining books and records such as Korinteisei (book of international relationship). Ameinomori Hoshu’s view on language is, first of all, that he had a firm belief in the universality of language. He explained that languages with different structures bear an equal value as a communication tool. Second, he opposed to the notion of superiority of the Chinese character and criticized scorn for the Korean character Hangul. Third, he claimed that an interpreter should not just be a technician of languages but an expert of the other country’s current affairs and culture by being academic and sophisticated. Fourth, since he recognized that the importance of knowing other country's language, Ameinomori Hoshu emphasized the value of language education as well as continuos language learning. He opined that some fundamental perceptions of international exchange are: first, we should make an effort to understand and respect the other country’s culture so that both countries peacefully coexist; second, he recognized the difference of cultures and suggested embracing diversity rather than insisting on a single value. It is in line with the idea that each ethnic group should be viewed by a universal humanity standard. In the globalized world where people inevitably live with others from different cultural backgrounds, the paper provides views on international exchange that communication of language and culture can lead to understanding and cooperation. Amerinomori Hoshu as a rare trilingual of Korean, Chinese and Japanese at the time, this paper finds that he played an active role as a sincerity and faith diplomat who bridged Chosun and Japan with his broad knowledge about the Korean culture. This paper confirms that Amerinomori Hoshu's views on language and international exchanges carries important implications on the so-called grass root exchange of the 21st century through cultural exchanges and exchanges by private sectors.
