변화의 속도가 그다지 빠르지 않는 매장습속 중의 하나인 동물 부장양상에 주목하여 우리나라 삼국시대 무덤과 중국 내몽고지역의 남흉노, 선비로 추정되는 무덤을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 부장된 동물 중 가장 점유율이 높은 것으로 우리나라에서는 말(馬)이 압도적인 것에 반해 중국 내몽고지역에서는 羊, 소(牛), 말(馬)이 거의 비슷한 비율을 차지하고 있다. 또한 중국 내몽고지역에서 보이는 동물의 종류와 副葬量을 통해 당시의 생업경제와 피장자의 재산 혹은 사회적 지위를 추정하기도 한다. 우리나라의 경우, 동물자체 副葬量보다는 말을 부리기 위한 도구인 馬具의 재질과 副葬量에서 피장자의 사회적 성격을 파악할 수 있다.
한편, 동물의 부장위치에서 피장자와 같은 공간, 즉 하나의 묘광에서 이루어지는 중국 내몽고지역과, 피장자의 공간과는 별도의 새로운 공간을 활용하는 우리나라의 것이 서로 다르다고 할 수 있다. 또 하나는 동물을 음식물로서의 활용한 부분은 容器 내 출토상태를 근거로 하였으며 중국 내몽고지역에서는 이러한 유례가 알려져 않으며 북흉노의 중심지인 몽골지역과 우리나라에서는 확인되고 있다. 容器 내 동물부장이라는 차이에서 우리나라와 또 다른 북방지역과의 교류 가능성도 제시할 수 있다.
마지막으로 동물 부장이 피장자의 성별에 따른 역할부담이라는 사회적 구조를 반영하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 중국 내몽고지역에서 남성 쪽에는 말(馬)이, 여성 쪽에는 羊과 소(牛)가 부장되었는데 이는 당시의 男女가 주력했던 분야를 表式하고 있으며 우리나라 삼국시대 고구려 고분벽화에서 이러한 현상을 확인할 수 있었다.
Placing animals inside a tomb of the dead is a burial custom that has been so far not much changed. In this sense, this study examined tombs of the Three Kingdom Period of Korea, and tombs located in the Inner Mongolian region of China that were presumed to be formed by people of the South Xiong-nu and the Xianbei. The examination found that animals placed inside the ancient tombs of this country were in most cases horses while, sheep, cows and horses were almost equally discovered from those of the Inner Mongolian region. The kinds and amount of the buried animals represent how the then situations of subsistence economy were and at the same time the property and social status of the buried dead. For the ancient tombs of this country, the materials and amount of harness found in those tombs rather than the amount of buried horses have contributed to determining what the buried dead was socially. When their state was examined, containers discovered from ancient tombs indicated that animals buried in those tombs might have been used as food. This have been historically known in relation to the Inner Mongolian region. In the center of the North Xiong-nu and in this country, vessels in which animals were contained have been actually found in ancient tombs. In other words, the ancient tombs of this country and the Inner Mongolian region are somewhat similar to each other in that both of them have animals placed inside. But the fact that containers having animals inside were discovered from only the ancient tombs of this country and another northern region suggests that both of the regions might have exchanged with each other in the ancient times. Finally, the kinds of animals buried in the ancient tombs represent the then social roles of the buried dead in accordance with gender. Out of the ancient tombs of the Inner Mongolian region, those in which men were buried in most cases horses placed inside, but those in which women were buried, sheep and cows. This suggests what social roles men and women of that region assumed in ancient times. In this country, wall paintings found in the ancient tombs of Koguryo formed in the Three Kingdom period illustrate men and women discriminatively depending on their social roles in the ancient times.
Placing animals inside a tomb of the dead is a burial custom that has been so far not much changed. In this sense, this study examined tombs of the Three Kingdom Period of Korea, and tombs located in the Inner Mongolian region of China that were presumed to be formed by people of the South Xiong-nu and the Xianbei. The examination found that animals placed inside the ancient tombs of this country were in most cases horses while, sheep, cows and horses were almost equally discovered from those of the Inner Mongolian region. The kinds and amount of the buried animals represent how the then situations of subsistence economy were and at the same time the property and social status of the buried dead. For the ancient tombs of this country, the materials and amount of harness found in those tombs rather than the amount of buried horses have contributed to determining what the buried dead was socially. When their state was examined, containers discovered from ancient tombs indicated that animals buried in those tombs might have been used as food. This have been historically known in relation to the Inner Mongolian region. In the center of the North Xiong-nu and in this country, vessels in which animals were contained have been actually found in ancient tombs. In other words, the ancient tombs of this country and the Inner Mongolian region are somewhat similar to each other in that both of them have animals placed inside. But the fact that containers having animals inside were discovered from only the ancient tombs of this country and another northern region suggests that both of the regions might have exchanged with each other in the ancient times. Finally, the kinds of animals buried in the ancient tombs represent the then social roles of the buried dead in accordance with gender. Out of the ancient tombs of the Inner Mongolian region, those in which men were buried in most cases horses placed inside, but those in which women were buried, sheep and cows. This suggests what social roles men and women of that region assumed in ancient times. In this country, wall paintings found in the ancient tombs of Koguryo formed in the Three Kingdom period illustrate men and women discriminatively depending on their social roles in the ancient times.
