Meme, prostat, kolorektal ve akciğer kanserlerinde çevresel risk faktörleri ve risk düzeylerinin belirlenmesi: olgu-kontrol çalışması
Öz
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı meme, prostat, kolorektal ve akciğer kanserini etkileyen çevresel risk faktörlerini belirlemek ve risk düzeyi belirleme programları kullanılarak tanı konmadan önceki risk düzeylerini değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma İzmir’in Balçova ilçesinde yapılan olgu-kontrol araştırmasıdır. 2008-2013 yılları arasında akciğer, meme, kolorektal ve prostat kanseri tanısı alanlar araştırmanın olgu grubunu oluşturmuştur. Katılımcıların sosyodemografik özellikleri, yaşam tarzı ve beslenme alışkanlıkları anketle belirlenmiştir. Olgu ve kontrol gruplarının kanser risk düzeyleri hesaplanmıştır. Olgu grubunda 57 meme, 52 prostat, 22 kolorektal ve 42 akciğer kanseri olgusu bulunmaktadır. Meme kanseri olguları 216 kadın, prostat kanseri olguları 211 erkek, kolorektal ve akciğer kanseri olguları ise 427 kadın ve erkek kontrol ile karşılaştırılmıştır.
Bulgular: Altmış yaşın altında olanlarda meme kanseri 2.36 kat fazladır. Fazla kilolu ya da şişman gruplarında meme kanseri daha az görülmüştür. Akciğer kanseri erkeklerde 2.04 kat, sigara içenlerde 4.10 kat, sigarayı bırakanlarda 2.19 kat fazladır.
Sonuç: Yaş ve beden kütle indeksiyle meme kanseri; inflamatuar bağırsak hastalığıyla kolorektal kanserler; erkek cinsiyeti ve sigara içmeyle akciğer kanseri arasında ilişki bulunmuştur. Olgu ve kontrol grupları arasında hesaplanan kanser risk düzeyleri bakımından anlamlı fark saptanamaması olgu sayılarının az olmasından ya da kullanılan risk hesaplama programlarının Türk toplumuna uygun olmamasından kaynaklanabilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- World Health Organization. Cancer. http://www.who.int/topics/cancer/en/ (Erişim tarihi: 04.10.2017).
- Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Kurumu. Türkiye kanser istatistikleri. Ankara, 2016.
- International Agency for Research on Cancer. CI5 X: Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Volume X. Online Analysis. http://ci5.iarc.fr/CI5-X/Pages/summary_table_site_sel.aspx (Erişim tarihi: 10.09.2017).
- International Agency for Research on Cancer. GLOBOCAN 2012: Estimated Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide in 2012. http://globocan.iarc.fr/ (Erişim tarihi: 20.09.2017).
- Harvard School of Public Health. Disease risk index cancer. http://www.diseaseriskindex.harvard.edu/update/hccpquiz.pl?lang=english&func=show&quiz=breast&page=risk_list (Erişim tarihi: 30.08.2017).
- National Cancer Institute. Breast cancer risk factors. http://www.cancer.gov/bcrisktool/breast-cancer-risk.aspx (Erişim tarihi: 20.09.2017).
- Stratton S, Ahmann F. Prostate Cancer Prevention. In: Fundamentals of Cancer Prevention, Alberts DS, Hess LM (editors). 1st ed. Berlin: Springer; 2005. p. 277-314.
- National Cancer Institute. Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer Development. http://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/hp/prostate-prevention-pdq#section/_17 (Erişim tarihi: 20.09.2017).
- Giovannucci E. Epidemiology of vitamin D and colorectal cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2013;13: 11-19.
- National Cancer Institute. Cancer Types, Lung cancer. http://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp (Erişim tarihi: 10.10.2017).
- Kakino K, Kiyohara C, Horiuchi T, Nakanishi Y. CYP2E1 rs2031920, COMT rs4680 polymorphisms, cigarette smoking, alcohol use and lung cancer risk in a Japanese population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17: 4063-70.
- Wong JYY, Bassig BA, Seow WJ, Hu W, Ji BT, Blair A et al. Lung cancer risk in welders and foundry workers with a history of heavy smoking in the USA:The National Lung Screening Trial. Occup Environ Med 2017; 74:440–8.
- Dinçel C, Başak F, Pektaş B, Kınacı E. Eğitim Seviyesi Düşük Kadınların Meme Kanseri Bilgi Düzeyi ve Risk Hesaplaması. J Kartal TR 2014; 25:181-6.
- Schonberg MA, Li VW, Eliassen AH, Davis RB, La Croix AZ, Mc Carthy EP et al. Performance of the Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool Among Women Aged 75 Years and Older. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 108: djv348.
- Thompson PA, Lopez AM, Stopeck A. Breast Cancer Prevention. In: Fundamentals of Cancer Prevention, Alberts DS, Hess LM (editors). 1st ed. Berlin: Springer; 2005. p. 255-76.
- Eroglu C, Eryılmaz MA, Cıvcık S, Gurbuz Z. Meme Kanseri Risk De¤erlendirmesi: 5000 Olgu. Uluslararası Hematoloji-Onkoloji Dergisi 2010; 20:27-33.
- Açıkgöz A. Serum 25-hidroksivitamin D düzeyinin akciğer, meme, kolorektal, prostat ve ovaryum kanserine etkisinin belirlenmesi. (Doktora tezi). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir, 2015.
- Ergör G, Soysal A, Sözmen K, Ünal B, Uçku R, Kılıç B et al. Balcova heart study: Rationale and methodology of the Turkish cohort. Int J Public Health 2011;57: 535-42.
- Vacek PM, Skelly JM, Galler BM. Breast cancer risk assessment in women aged 70 and older. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 130:291-9.
- Özmen V. Breast cancer in the world and Turkey. Meme Sağlığı Dergisi 2008; 4:7-12.
- Saip P, Keskin S, Özkan M, Kaplan MA, Aydoğan F, Gönüllü Demirağ G ve ark. Türkiye’de meme kanserli hastalarin tani ve Tedavi yöntemlerine ulaşim hizi; Çok merkezli gözlemsel çalışma. The Journal of Breast Health 2011; 2:109-17.
- Çakır S, Kafadar MT, Arslan ŞN, Türkan A, Kara B, İnan A. Meme kanseri tanısı konmuş kadınlarda risk faktörlerinin güncel veriler ışığında gözden geçirilmesi. FNG & Bilim Tıp Dergisi 2016; 2:186-94.
- Rosner B, Eliassen AH, Toriola AT, Chen WY, Hankinson SE, Willett WC et al. Weight and weight changes in early adulthood and later breast cancer risk. Int. J. Cancer 2017; 140:2003-14.
- Erbil N, Dundar N, Inan C, Bolukbas N. Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Using the Gail Model: a Turkish Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:303-6.
- Açıkgöz A, Ergör G. Compliance with Screening Recommendations According to Breast Cancer Risk Levels in Izmir, Turkey. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev 2013; 14: 1737-42.
- Gür K, Kadıoğlu H, Sezer A. İstanbul’da bir mahallede yaşayan kadınaların meme kanseri riskleri ve KKMM eğitiminin etkinliği. J Breast Health 2014; 10:154-60.
- Pacheco SOS, Pacheco FJ, Zapata GMJ, Garcia JME, Previale CA, Cura HE et al. Food habits, lifestyle factors, and risk of prostate cancer in Central Argentina: a case control study involving self-motivated health behavior modifications after diagnosis. Nutrients 2016; 8:419; doi:10.3390/nu8070419.
- Lane JA, Oliver SE, Appleby PN, Lentjes MAH, Emmett P, D Kuh D et al. Prostate cancer risk related to foods, food groups, macronutrients and micronutrients derived from the UK Dietary Cohort Consortium food diaries. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2016; 1:10; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2016.162.
- Lundon DJ, Kelly BD, Foley R, Loeb S, Fitzpatrick JM, Watson RWG et al. Prostate cancer risk assessment tools in an unscreened population. World J Urol 2015; 33:827- 32.
- Louie KS, Seigneurin A, Cathcart P, Sasieni P. Do prostate cancer risk models improve the predictive accuracy of PSA screening? A meta-analysis. Annals of Oncology 2015; 26:848–64.
- Wu YS, Zhang N, Liu SH, Xu JF, Tong SJ, Cai H et al. The Huashan risk calculators performed better in prediction of prostate cancer in Chinese population: a training study followed by a validation study. Asian Journal of Andrology 2016; 18:1–5.
- Marley AR, Nan H. Epidemiology of colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Epidemiol Genet 2016; 7:105-14.
- Koç Ş. Kolorektal kanseri önleme: kolorektal kanser risk danışmanlığı. F.N. Hem. Derg 2017; 25:69-77.
- Turan E, Yalçın BM, Yücel İ, Ünal M. İlk kez tanı konan kolorektal kanser hastalarının epidemiyolojik özellikleri. Turk Aile Hek Derg 2012;16:169-77.
- Mok Y, Joen C, Lee GJ, Jee SH. Physical activity level and colorectal cancer mortality: The Korean Metabolic Syndrome Mortality Study. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 2016;28:638-47.
- Iswarya SK, Premarajan KC, Kar SS, Kumar SS, Kate V. Risk factors for the development of colorectal carcinoma: a case control study from South India. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 8:207-14.
- Hanyuda A, Ogino S, Qian ZR, Nishihara R, Song M, Mima K et al. Body mass index and risk of colorectal cancer according to tumor lymphocytic infiltrate. Int. J. Cancer 2016; 139:854-68.
- Ma Y, Yang Y, Wang F, Zhang P, Shi C, Zou Y et al. Obesity and risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review of prospective studies. PLoS ONE 2013; 8:e53916.
- Ilgaz A, Gözüm S. Determination of colorectal cancer risk levels, colorectal cancer screening rates, and factors affecting screening participation of ındividuals working in agriculture in Turkey. Cancer Nursing 2017; 0:1-9.
- Topu Z, Ülger F, Numanoğlu N. Ailesel kanser hikayesi ve akciğer kanseri. Tüberküloz ve Toraks Dergisi 2004; 52:130-6.
- Luqman M, Javed MM, Daud S, Raheem N, Ahmad J, Khan AUH. Risk factors for lung cancer in the Pakistani population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15: 3035-9.
- Koh WP, Yuan JM, Wang R, Lee HP, Yu MC. Body mass index and smoking-related lung cancer risk in the Singapore Chinese Health Study. British Journal of Cancer 2010; 102:610-4.
Determination of breast, prostate, colorectal and lung cancer environmental risk factors and risk levels: case-control study
Öz
Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess environmental risk factors affecting breast, prostate, colorectal and lung cancer and to assess risk levels before diagnosis using risk level determination programs.
Materials and Methods: This research was done in Izmir Province Balcova district, a case-control type. A case group of patients with lung, breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer was established between 2008 and 2013. The sociodemographic and individual characteristics, lifestyle and eating habits of participants were collected with a questionnaire. Cancer risk level of case and control groups was calculated. There were 57 breast, 52 prostate, 22 colorectal and 42 lung cancer cases in the case group. Breast cases were compared with 216 female controls. Prostate cancer cases were compared with 211 male controls. Colorectal and lung cancer cases were compared with 427 female and male controls.
Results: Breast cancer risk was 2.36 times higher in those under the age of sixty. Breast cancer was found to be lower in overweight or obese groups. Lung cancer was 2,04 times higher in males, 4,10 times higher in current smokers and 2,19 times higher in ex-smokers. Conclusion: Relationship between breast cancer and age and body mass index; colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease; male, smoking and lung cancer was found. The inability to detect significant difference in the cancer risk levels of case and control groups may be due to the small number of cases, or the risk calculation programs not being appropriate for the Turkish population.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Breast cancer risk factors prostate cancer colorectal cancer lung cancer.
Kaynakça
- World Health Organization. Cancer. http://www.who.int/topics/cancer/en/ (Erişim tarihi: 04.10.2017).
- Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Kurumu. Türkiye kanser istatistikleri. Ankara, 2016.
- International Agency for Research on Cancer. CI5 X: Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Volume X. Online Analysis. http://ci5.iarc.fr/CI5-X/Pages/summary_table_site_sel.aspx (Erişim tarihi: 10.09.2017).
- International Agency for Research on Cancer. GLOBOCAN 2012: Estimated Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide in 2012. http://globocan.iarc.fr/ (Erişim tarihi: 20.09.2017).
- Harvard School of Public Health. Disease risk index cancer. http://www.diseaseriskindex.harvard.edu/update/hccpquiz.pl?lang=english&func=show&quiz=breast&page=risk_list (Erişim tarihi: 30.08.2017).
- National Cancer Institute. Breast cancer risk factors. http://www.cancer.gov/bcrisktool/breast-cancer-risk.aspx (Erişim tarihi: 20.09.2017).
- Stratton S, Ahmann F. Prostate Cancer Prevention. In: Fundamentals of Cancer Prevention, Alberts DS, Hess LM (editors). 1st ed. Berlin: Springer; 2005. p. 277-314.
- National Cancer Institute. Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer Development. http://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/hp/prostate-prevention-pdq#section/_17 (Erişim tarihi: 20.09.2017).
- Giovannucci E. Epidemiology of vitamin D and colorectal cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2013;13: 11-19.
- National Cancer Institute. Cancer Types, Lung cancer. http://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp (Erişim tarihi: 10.10.2017).
- Kakino K, Kiyohara C, Horiuchi T, Nakanishi Y. CYP2E1 rs2031920, COMT rs4680 polymorphisms, cigarette smoking, alcohol use and lung cancer risk in a Japanese population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17: 4063-70.
- Wong JYY, Bassig BA, Seow WJ, Hu W, Ji BT, Blair A et al. Lung cancer risk in welders and foundry workers with a history of heavy smoking in the USA:The National Lung Screening Trial. Occup Environ Med 2017; 74:440–8.
- Dinçel C, Başak F, Pektaş B, Kınacı E. Eğitim Seviyesi Düşük Kadınların Meme Kanseri Bilgi Düzeyi ve Risk Hesaplaması. J Kartal TR 2014; 25:181-6.
- Schonberg MA, Li VW, Eliassen AH, Davis RB, La Croix AZ, Mc Carthy EP et al. Performance of the Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool Among Women Aged 75 Years and Older. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 108: djv348.
- Thompson PA, Lopez AM, Stopeck A. Breast Cancer Prevention. In: Fundamentals of Cancer Prevention, Alberts DS, Hess LM (editors). 1st ed. Berlin: Springer; 2005. p. 255-76.
- Eroglu C, Eryılmaz MA, Cıvcık S, Gurbuz Z. Meme Kanseri Risk De¤erlendirmesi: 5000 Olgu. Uluslararası Hematoloji-Onkoloji Dergisi 2010; 20:27-33.
- Açıkgöz A. Serum 25-hidroksivitamin D düzeyinin akciğer, meme, kolorektal, prostat ve ovaryum kanserine etkisinin belirlenmesi. (Doktora tezi). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir, 2015.
- Ergör G, Soysal A, Sözmen K, Ünal B, Uçku R, Kılıç B et al. Balcova heart study: Rationale and methodology of the Turkish cohort. Int J Public Health 2011;57: 535-42.
- Vacek PM, Skelly JM, Galler BM. Breast cancer risk assessment in women aged 70 and older. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 130:291-9.
- Özmen V. Breast cancer in the world and Turkey. Meme Sağlığı Dergisi 2008; 4:7-12.
- Saip P, Keskin S, Özkan M, Kaplan MA, Aydoğan F, Gönüllü Demirağ G ve ark. Türkiye’de meme kanserli hastalarin tani ve Tedavi yöntemlerine ulaşim hizi; Çok merkezli gözlemsel çalışma. The Journal of Breast Health 2011; 2:109-17.
- Çakır S, Kafadar MT, Arslan ŞN, Türkan A, Kara B, İnan A. Meme kanseri tanısı konmuş kadınlarda risk faktörlerinin güncel veriler ışığında gözden geçirilmesi. FNG & Bilim Tıp Dergisi 2016; 2:186-94.
- Rosner B, Eliassen AH, Toriola AT, Chen WY, Hankinson SE, Willett WC et al. Weight and weight changes in early adulthood and later breast cancer risk. Int. J. Cancer 2017; 140:2003-14.
- Erbil N, Dundar N, Inan C, Bolukbas N. Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Using the Gail Model: a Turkish Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:303-6.
- Açıkgöz A, Ergör G. Compliance with Screening Recommendations According to Breast Cancer Risk Levels in Izmir, Turkey. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev 2013; 14: 1737-42.
- Gür K, Kadıoğlu H, Sezer A. İstanbul’da bir mahallede yaşayan kadınaların meme kanseri riskleri ve KKMM eğitiminin etkinliği. J Breast Health 2014; 10:154-60.
- Pacheco SOS, Pacheco FJ, Zapata GMJ, Garcia JME, Previale CA, Cura HE et al. Food habits, lifestyle factors, and risk of prostate cancer in Central Argentina: a case control study involving self-motivated health behavior modifications after diagnosis. Nutrients 2016; 8:419; doi:10.3390/nu8070419.
- Lane JA, Oliver SE, Appleby PN, Lentjes MAH, Emmett P, D Kuh D et al. Prostate cancer risk related to foods, food groups, macronutrients and micronutrients derived from the UK Dietary Cohort Consortium food diaries. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2016; 1:10; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2016.162.
- Lundon DJ, Kelly BD, Foley R, Loeb S, Fitzpatrick JM, Watson RWG et al. Prostate cancer risk assessment tools in an unscreened population. World J Urol 2015; 33:827- 32.
- Louie KS, Seigneurin A, Cathcart P, Sasieni P. Do prostate cancer risk models improve the predictive accuracy of PSA screening? A meta-analysis. Annals of Oncology 2015; 26:848–64.
- Wu YS, Zhang N, Liu SH, Xu JF, Tong SJ, Cai H et al. The Huashan risk calculators performed better in prediction of prostate cancer in Chinese population: a training study followed by a validation study. Asian Journal of Andrology 2016; 18:1–5.
- Marley AR, Nan H. Epidemiology of colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Epidemiol Genet 2016; 7:105-14.
- Koç Ş. Kolorektal kanseri önleme: kolorektal kanser risk danışmanlığı. F.N. Hem. Derg 2017; 25:69-77.
- Turan E, Yalçın BM, Yücel İ, Ünal M. İlk kez tanı konan kolorektal kanser hastalarının epidemiyolojik özellikleri. Turk Aile Hek Derg 2012;16:169-77.
- Mok Y, Joen C, Lee GJ, Jee SH. Physical activity level and colorectal cancer mortality: The Korean Metabolic Syndrome Mortality Study. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 2016;28:638-47.
- Iswarya SK, Premarajan KC, Kar SS, Kumar SS, Kate V. Risk factors for the development of colorectal carcinoma: a case control study from South India. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 8:207-14.
- Hanyuda A, Ogino S, Qian ZR, Nishihara R, Song M, Mima K et al. Body mass index and risk of colorectal cancer according to tumor lymphocytic infiltrate. Int. J. Cancer 2016; 139:854-68.
- Ma Y, Yang Y, Wang F, Zhang P, Shi C, Zou Y et al. Obesity and risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review of prospective studies. PLoS ONE 2013; 8:e53916.
- Ilgaz A, Gözüm S. Determination of colorectal cancer risk levels, colorectal cancer screening rates, and factors affecting screening participation of ındividuals working in agriculture in Turkey. Cancer Nursing 2017; 0:1-9.
- Topu Z, Ülger F, Numanoğlu N. Ailesel kanser hikayesi ve akciğer kanseri. Tüberküloz ve Toraks Dergisi 2004; 52:130-6.
- Luqman M, Javed MM, Daud S, Raheem N, Ahmad J, Khan AUH. Risk factors for lung cancer in the Pakistani population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15: 3035-9.
- Koh WP, Yuan JM, Wang R, Lee HP, Yu MC. Body mass index and smoking-related lung cancer risk in the Singapore Chinese Health Study. British Journal of Cancer 2010; 102:610-4.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Haziran 2018 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 12 Ocak 2018 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2018 Cilt: 43 Sayı: 2 |
Cited By
Cilt Kanseri Tanısında Tıbbi Görüntüleri Kıldan Temizlemek İçin Kullanılan İki Yeni Filtre
Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaumfd.1410803
Mastektomi Sonrası Memenin Yeniden Şekillendirilmesine Eğilim Ölçeğinin Türkçe Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması
Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi
Azime GÜNAYDINLI
https://doi.org/10.31125/hunhemsire.907852
