ISHS Acta Horticulturae 538: Eucarpia symposium on Fruit Breeding and Genetics
SMALL FRUIT BREEDING AT THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF POMOLOGY AND FLORICULTURE IN SKIERNIEWICE, POLAND |
| Authors: | E. Zurawicz, S. Pluta, J. Danek |
| Keywords: | Ribes nigrum, Ribes grossularia, Rubus idaeus, Rubus fruticosus, Fragaria annanassa, combining ability |
| DOI: | 10.17660/ActaHortic.2000.538.80 |
| Abstract:
The Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skierniewice is the main center of small fruit breeding in Poland. Activities in this area include genetic and methodological studies as well as development of new cultivars. Directed crosses are the main tools in executing the breeding program. Primary objectives considered for each crop are high fruit quality, adaptation to local climatic and soil conditions and acceptable levels of resistance to prevailing pests. Attempts are being made to develop cultivars destined for fresh fruit consumption as well as those suitable for different forms of fruit processing. Adequate methods for fruit evaluation for each of the above mentioned lines of work are being adapted. Newly released cultivars are expected to possess a high level of winterhardiness combined with sufficient spring frost resistance of flowers. They are also expected to be well suited to modern fruit production technologies. An important objective of our breeding activities is to ensure that new cultivars have sufficient levels of resistance to serious diseases and, if possible, also to insect pests. For black currants, the resistance breeding program includes foliar diseases, blackcurrant reversion virus BRV and gall mite (Cecidophyopsis ribis). To broaden the genetic basis for selection for pest resistance, interspecific crosses have recently been undertaken. Selection of resistant seedlings is made more efficient by artificial inoculation of the hybrid progenies. The breeding program has so far resulted in the release of twelve new cultivars; black currants: ‘Bona’, ‘Ceres’, ‘Tiben’ and ‘Tisel’; gooseberry: ‘Rzeszowski’; red raspberry: ‘Beskid’, ‘Polana’, ‘Nawojka’ and ‘Poranna Rosa’; blackberry: ‘Orkan’; strawberry: ‘Dukat’, ‘Elkat’, ‘Kama’, ‘Karel’, ‘Real’ and ‘Syriusz’. Those cultivars enjoy a considerable market interest and their part of the total small fruit production increases continuously. | |
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