한국의 문학(연구)사에서 임화와 김윤식은 독보적인 위치에 놓여 있다. 본고의 목적은 김윤식의 임화론을 메타적으로 독해하는 것이다. 이 작업은 김윤식의 연구방법론을 추출하고 임화에 관한 평가 하나를 복원시키는 작업에 일조할 수 있을 것이다. 김윤식은 『한국근대문예비평사연구』에서 정치와 문학의 관계를 검토했다. 이후 그는 사상사에 몰두하면서 정치적 문제와 현실적 상황이 개별 문인들의 내면에 침투하는 양상에 천착했다. 임화의 존재는 그로 하여금 방법론적 전환을 하게끔 부추긴 매개 중 하나가 되었다. 김윤식은 임화가 현실을 극복하려는 노력(진정성)을 지녔다고 말하기 위해 루카치로부터 “운명” 개념을 차용했다. 김윤식은 중기나 후기의 루카치보다 초기의 루카치를 호의적으로 수용했는데, 이는 한국의 비평가－연구자로서 이색적인 이력이었다. 초기 루카치의 ‘운명’ 개념에 천착한 드문 비평가였기에, 김윤식은 임화가 진정성을 투철히 추구한 결과 비극적인 죽음을 맞았다는 독창적인 평가를 제시할 수 있었다. 한편 김윤식은 1970년대까지 임화가 근대의 양가적 속성을 총체적으로 살피지 못했다면서 ‘현해탄 콤플렉스’를 비판했다. 그러나 『임화연구』에서는 비판의 강도가 현저히 약해져 있다. 그리고 이후의 저작인 『임화와 신남철』에서는 임화에 대해 더욱 우호적인 태도가 드러난다. 이런 태도 변화는 김윤식의 문학관이 달라진 경과를 집약하여 보여준다. 「임화연구」를 쓸 때까지 김윤식은 ‘자주적’인 문제의식을 견지하고 있었다. 그래서 제도적 근대성을 강조한 임화에 대해서는 이견을 표현할 수밖에 없었던 것이다. 김윤식이 임화를 우호적으로 평가하게 된 것은 ‘가치중립성으로서의 근대’ 개념을 받아들인 결과였다. 이 둘은 각자의 시대정신을 체현한 것처럼 느껴질 만큼 우직하게 자신들이 설정한 목적을 추구했다는 점에서, 후대의 문학인들에게 귀감이 될 만하다.
In Korea's history of literature (study), Im Hwa and Kim Yoon-sik are in a unique position. The purpose of this paper is to read Kim Yoon-Sik’s evaluation of Im Hwa. This will be an pre-work for extracting the methodology of Kim Yoon-Sik. Kim Yoon-sik examined the relationship between politics and literature in 「Korea Modern Literary Criticism Research」. Since then, he has devoted himself to the “history of thought” and has examined the political issues and the actual situations that individual writers belong. The presence of the im Hwa was one of the mediators that encouraged him to make a methodological shift. Kim Yoon-sik borrowed the concept of “destiny” from Lukacs to say that Im Hwa had an effort to overcome reality. Kim Yoon-sik accepted favorably of Lukacs earlier than Lukacs in the middle or late period. Because he was a rare critic who accepted early Lukacs’s “destiny” concept, he was able to present a unique assessment that Im-Hwa was tragically dead after pursuing authenticity. On the other hand, Kim Yoon-sik criticized ‘Hyun-Hae-Tan complex’ by saying that Im-Hwa had not been able to look at the dual nature of modernity until 1970’s. However, the intensity of criticism has been remarkably weakened in the “study of Im-hwa”. And in Kim’s later works, “Im hwa and Shin Nam-cheol” presented a more friendly attitude to Im Hwa. This change in attitude shows the change of the literary scene of Kim Yoon-sik. Kim Yoon-sik maintained the self-consciousness of the problem until he wrote the “study on Im-hwa”. Therefore, it was necessary to express the disagreement about the ‘study of Im-Hwa’ which emphasized institutional modernity. It was the result of accepting the concept of ‘modernity as a value neutrality’. These two are worthy of note to future generations of writers because they pursued the purpose set by them so that they finally seemed to embody the spirit of their age.
In Korea's history of literature (study), Im Hwa and Kim Yoon-sik are in a unique position. The purpose of this paper is to read Kim Yoon-Sik’s evaluation of Im Hwa. This will be an pre-work for extracting the methodology of Kim Yoon-Sik. Kim Yoon-sik examined the relationship between politics and literature in 「Korea Modern Literary Criticism Research」. Since then, he has devoted himself to the “history of thought” and has examined the political issues and the actual situations that individual writers belong. The presence of the im Hwa was one of the mediators that encouraged him to make a methodological shift. Kim Yoon-sik borrowed the concept of “destiny” from Lukacs to say that Im Hwa had an effort to overcome reality. Kim Yoon-sik accepted favorably of Lukacs earlier than Lukacs in the middle or late period. Because he was a rare critic who accepted early Lukacs’s “destiny” concept, he was able to present a unique assessment that Im-Hwa was tragically dead after pursuing authenticity. On the other hand, Kim Yoon-sik criticized ‘Hyun-Hae-Tan complex’ by saying that Im-Hwa had not been able to look at the dual nature of modernity until 1970’s. However, the intensity of criticism has been remarkably weakened in the “study of Im-hwa”. And in Kim’s later works, “Im hwa and Shin Nam-cheol” presented a more friendly attitude to Im Hwa. This change in attitude shows the change of the literary scene of Kim Yoon-sik. Kim Yoon-sik maintained the self-consciousness of the problem until he wrote the “study on Im-hwa”. Therefore, it was necessary to express the disagreement about the ‘study of Im-Hwa’ which emphasized institutional modernity. It was the result of accepting the concept of ‘modernity as a value neutrality’. These two are worthy of note to future generations of writers because they pursued the purpose set by them so that they finally seemed to embody the spirit of their age.
