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Chemistry and ethnobotany of commercial incense copals copal blanco, copal oro, and copal negro, of North America

Química y etnobotánica de los copales comerciales del incienso, copal blanco, copal oro, y copal negro, de norte América

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Abstract

The North American commercial incense copals are derived from species of Bursera, Protium (Burseraceae), and Hymenaea (Caesal-piniaceae) but are also distinguished by the technique of harvesting as well as by species. Sixty-eight compounds were identified in three commercial incense copals. The essential oil of copal bianco (probably from B. bipinnata) is dominated by 14.52 ± 1.28% α-copaene and 13.75 ± 1.06% germacrene D. The essential oil of copal oro (probably from H. courbaril) is dominated by 21.35 ± 5.96% α-pinene and 26.51 ± 1.22% limonene. The essential oil of copal negro (probably from P. copal) is dominated by 17.95 ± 1.35% α-pinene, 12.51 ± 0.08% sabinene, and 16.88 ± 2.02% limonene.

Resumen

Los copales comerciales norteamericanas del incienso se derivan de las especies de Bursera, Protium (Burseraceae),y Hymenaea (Caesalpi-niaceae)pero también son distinguidos por la técnica de cosechar así como por las especies. Sesenta y ocho compuestos fueron identificados en tres copales comerciales del incienso. El aceite esencial del copal bianco (probablemente de B. bipinnata)es dominado por el α-copae-ne (14.52 ± 1.28%)y el germacrene D (13.75 ± 1.06%).El aceite esencial del copal oro (probablemente de H. courbaril)es dominado por el α-pinene (21.35 ± 5.96%)y el limonene (26.51 ± 1.22%).El aceite esencial del copal negro (probablemente de P. copal)es dominado por el a-pinene (17.95 ± 1.35%),el sabinene (12.51 ± 0.08%),y el limonene (16.88 ± 2.02%).

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  1. 527 Brighton Road, 19809, Wilmington, DE

    Ryan J. Case

  2. Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Delaware State University, 19901-2277, Dover, DE

    Arthur O. Tucker & Michael J. Maciarello

  3. Department of Chemistry, Delaware State University, 19901-2277, Dover, DE

    Kraig A. Wheeler

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Case, R.J., Tucker, A.O., Maciarello, M.J. et al. Chemistry and ethnobotany of commercial incense copals copal blanco, copal oro, and copal negro, of North America. Econ Bot 57, 189–202 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1663/0013-0001(2003)057[0189:CAEOCI]2.0.CO;2

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