The Panariaceae sensu lato of North America are shown to contain 51 species in ten genera: Degelia (1), Erioderma (3), Fuscopannaria (25), Leioderma (1), Moelleropsis (1), Pannaria (8), Parmeliella (5), Protopannaria (1), Psoroma (3), and Santessoniella (3). The following new taxa are described: Fuscopannaria alaskana, F. aurita, F. coralloidea, F. crustacea, F. hookerioides, F. leprosa, F. pacifica, F. ramulina, F. thiersii, Pannaria lurida ssp. quercicola, P. subfusca, and Parmeliella appalachensis. The following new combinations proved necessary: Fuscopannaria californica (Tuck.), F. cheiroloba (Müll. Arg.), F. incisa (Müll. Arg.), Pannaria lurida ssp. russellii (Tuck.), Parmeliella stylophora (Vain.), Protopannaria (Gyeln.), Protopannaria pezizoides (G. H. Weber), and Santessoniella crossophylla (Nyl.). All names are typified and keys are provided to all taxa. The genus Fuscopannaria has an evolutionary center on the Pacific coast where it appears to have evolved taxa for most available niches from coastal rocks (F. maritima) to high mountain peaks (F. hookerioides), and from cool damp habitats (F. alaskana) to warm, dry ones (F. californica). Several species in the eastern parts, like F. leucosticta and F. sorediata, reappear in Japan and are additions to the Tertiary relic element of the North American flora. The importance of recognizing ecogeographic elements is pointed out.