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Effect of tramadol on immune responses and nociceptive thresholds in a rat model of incisional pain

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Abstract

Objective

To evaluate the effects of tramadol on the proinflammatory responses in a rat model of incisional pain by investigating its effects on nociceptive thresholds and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-2 levels.

Methods

Forty-two male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats scheduled for plantar incision were randomly divided into 7 groups (n=6 in each group). Rats in Group 1 receiving general anesthesia with no incision were served as control; At 30 min before skin incision, Groups 2∼5 were given 5 ml normal saline or 1, 10, and 20 mg/kg tramadol, respectively, intraperitoneally (i.p.); Group 6 received 10 mg/kg tramadol after operation; Group 7 received 10 mg/kg tramadol before incision, followed by 200 μg/kg naloxone after operation. Mechanical allodynia was measured by electronic von Frey filament to evaluate the nociceptive thresholds 1 h before incision, and 1 h and 2 h after operation. Serum IL-6 and IL-2 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 2 h after operation.

Results

Mechanical thresholds decreased significantly and serum IL-6 level increased significantly after operation in Group 2 compared with control (P<0.01), and these changes were reversed respectively by tramadol in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). IL-2 level remained unchanged after operation in Group 2, but decreased in Group 3 (P<0.05), then gradually returned to the normal level in Groups 4 and 5. The intraperitoneally injected tramadol (10 and 20 mg/kg) produced a potent and dose-dependent antinocicptive effect on the lesioned paw. The antinocicptive effects of tramadol were partially antagonized by naloxone (200 μg/kg), suggesting an additional non-opioid mechanism.

Conclusion

The results suggest that tramadol could be a good choice for the treatment of pain under the conditions that immunosuppression may be particularly contraindicated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China

    Yong-min Liu, Sheng-mei Zhu, Kui-rong Wang, Zhi-ying Feng & Qing-lian Chen

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  1. Yong-min Liu
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  2. Sheng-mei Zhu
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  3. Kui-rong Wang
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  4. Zhi-ying Feng
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  5. Qing-lian Chen
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Correspondence to Sheng-mei Zhu.

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Project (No.2006A031) supported by the Medical Foundation Insurance of Zhejiang Health Bureau, China

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Liu, Ym., Zhu, Sm., Wang, Kr. et al. Effect of tramadol on immune responses and nociceptive thresholds in a rat model of incisional pain. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B 9, 895–902 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B0820039

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B0820039

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