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Wind characteristics near the ground during typhoon Meari

台风“米雷”近地层风特性实测研究

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Abstract

Wind speed and direction data during typhoon Meari were obtained from eight anemometers installed at heights of 10, 20, 30, and 40 m on a 40-m tower built in the Pudong area of Shanghai. Wind-turbulence characteristics, including wind-speed profile, turbulence integral scale, power spectra, correlations, and coherences were analyzed. Wind-speed profiles varied with time during the passage of Meari. Measured wind-speed profiles could be expressed well by both a power law and a log law. Turbulence integral scales for u, v, and w components all increased with wind speed. The ratios of the turbulence scales among the turbulence components averaged for all 10-min data were 1׃ 0.69׃0.08 at 10 m, 1׃0.61׃0.09 at 20 m, and 1׃0.65׃0.13 at 40 m. The turbulence integral scales for the u and v components increased with average gust time, but the turbulence integral scale for the w component remained almost constant when the gust duration was greater than 10 min. The decay factor of the coherence function increased slightly with wind speed, with average values for longitudinal and lateral dimensions of 14.3 and 11.3, respectively. The slope rates of the turbulence spectra in the inertial range were less than −5/3 at first, but gradually satisfied the Kolmogorov 5/3 law. The longitudinal wind-power fluctuation spectrum roughly fitted the von Karman spectrum, but slight deviations occurred in the high-frequency band for lateral and vertical wind-power fluctuation spectra.

抽象

目 的

对台风“米雷”作用下上海浦东近海岸边近地风特性进行全场监测记录, 获得10 m、20 m、30 m和40 m 高度处的风速实测数据, 以研究台风过程中的平均风速风向、湍流度、阵风因子、湍流积分尺度和脉动风速功率谱等近地风特性。

创新点

1. 利用浦东实测基地的测风塔, 获得10 m、20 m、30 m 和40 m 高度处台风“米雷”的风速实测数据。2. 对台风“米雷”作用下的近地风特性进行分析, 并对不同风特性参数之间的相互关系进行研究。

方 法

1. 在浦东实测基地建立40 m 高的测风塔, 利用现场实测的方法, 研究台风“米雷”作用下的近地层风场特性; 2. 利用经验公式拟合的方法, 将现场实测结果与经验公式所得结果进行比较, 并分析它们之间的差异。

结 论

1. 各向湍流积分尺度均呈现随平均风速的增大而增大的趋势, 在10 m、20 m 和40 m 高度处各向湍流积分尺度的均值之比分别为 1:0.69:0.08、1:0.61:0.09 和 1:0.65:0.13; 2. 当平均时距大于10 min 时, u 和v 方向的湍流积分尺度随平均时距的增大而增大, 但w 方向的湍流积分尺度基本不随平均时距的改变而改变; 3. 台风初期惯性子区各湍流分量功率谱的分布斜率小于−5/3, 随后逐渐满足Kolmogorov 5/3 率, 纵向脉动风速功率谱与von Karman 经验谱吻合较好, 而横向和竖向脉动风速功率谱与von Karman 经验谱在高频段有所偏差。

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Mountain Bridge and Tunnel Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China

    Xu Wang, Xian-feng Yu & Hai-ming Liu

  2. State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China

    Peng Huang & Xin-rong Wang

  3. State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    Xian-feng Yu

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  1. Xu Wang
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  2. Peng Huang
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Correspondence to Peng Huang.

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Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51378396), the Open Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety (No. 2014ZDK005), and the Chongqing Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. Xm2015066), China

ORCID: Xu WANG, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5131-4016; Peng HUANG, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5746-328X

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Wang, X., Huang, P., Yu, Xf. et al. Wind characteristics near the ground during typhoon Meari. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. A 18, 33–48 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A1500310

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