Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-x5gtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-12T02:41:27.563Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Emergence Timing and Persistence of Kochia (Kochia scoparia)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Timothy D. Schwinghamer  and
Rene C. Van Acker
Timothy D. Schwinghamer
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
Rene C. Van Acker*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: vanacker@uoguelph.ca
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The predictability of the spring emergence period of kochia is a potentially exploitable attribute that may be applied to weed management. The emergence timing of kochia was monitored, during the spring and summer of 2005 and 2006, in 12 farmed fields in the northern region of the Northern Great Plains (NGP) of North America. Kochia emergence began at 50 cumulative growing-degree days (GDD Tbase 0 C, starting January 1) and continued into late summer. The onset of kochia emergence occurred well before the emergence onset of other weed species common to this region. Fall soil samples revealed few kochia seeds remained in the seedbank. In growth room studies, kochia seed placed at the soil surface had greater emergence compared with seed burial to a 10 mm or greater depth. Kochia did not emerge from seed planted 80 mm deep; however, radical emergence was evident indicating fatal germination. Kochia should be controlled early in the growing season, and burying seed will greatly reduce future kochia populations.

Keywords

Kochia, Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. KCHSC.Emergence timingseedbank persistenceweed management
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 56 , Issue 1 , February 2008 , pp. 37 - 41
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Al-Ahmadi, M. and Kafi, M. 2007. Cardinal temperatures for germination of Kochia scoparia (L). J. Arid Environ. 68:308–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, R. 1994. Characterizing weed community seedling emergence for a semiarid site in Colorado. Weed Technol. 8:245–249.Google Scholar
Anderson, R. and Nielsen, D. 1996. Emergence pattern of five weeds in the central Great Plains. Weed Technol. 10:744–749.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, A. R., Nalewaja, J. D., and Schooler, A. B. 1972. Light period, temperature, and kochia flowering. Weed Sci. 20:462–464.Google Scholar
Boyd, N. and Van Acker, R. C. 2003. The effects of depth and fluctuating soil moisture on the emergence of eight annual and six perennial plant species. Weed Sci. 51:725–730.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bullied, W., Marginet, A., and Van Acker, R. C. 2003. Conventional- and conservation-tillage systems influence emergence periodicity of annual weed species in canola. Weed Sci. 51:886–897.Google Scholar
Cardina, J. and Sparrow, D. H. 1996. A comparison of methods to predict weed seedling populations from the soil seedbank. Weed Sci. 44:46–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curtin, D. and Wen, G. 2004. Plant cation-anion balance as affected by the ionic composition of the growing medium. Plant Soil. 267:109–115.Google Scholar
Dyer, W., Chee, P., and Fay, P. 1993. Rapid germination of sulfonylurea-resistant Kochia scoparia L. accessions is associated with elevated seed levels of branched chain amino acids. Weed Sci. 41:18–22.Google Scholar
Eberlein, C. and Fore, Z. 1984. Kochia biology. Weeds Today. 15:5–6.Google Scholar
Everitt, J., Alaniz, M., and Lee, J. 1983. Seed germination characteristics of Kochia scoparia . J. Range Manag. 36:646–648.Google Scholar
Evetts, L. L. and Burnside, O. C. 1972. Germination and seedling development of common milkweed and other species. Weed Sci. 20:371–378.Google Scholar
Forcella, F., Wilson, R., Dekker, J., Kremer, R., Cardina, J., Anderson, R., Alm, D., Renner, K., Harvey, R., Clay, S., and Buhler, D. 1997. Weed seed bank emergence across the Corn Belt. Weed Sci. 45:67–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frankton, C. and Mulligan, G. 1970. Weeds of Canada. Ottawa, Canada Canada Department of Agriculture Publication 948. 46–47.Google Scholar
Holá, D., Kočová, M., Rothová, O., Chodová, D., and Mikulka, J. 2004. The effect of low growth temperature on Hill reaction and photosystem 1 activities in three biotypes of Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. with different sensitivity to atrazine and ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Plant Soil Environ. 50:10–17.Google Scholar
Johnson, , Krall, D. J., Delaney, R., and Thiel, D. 1990. Response of seed of 10 weed species to Fresnel-lens-concentrated solar radiation. Weed Technol. 4:109–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khan, M., Gul, B., and Weber, D. 2001. Influence of salinity and temperature on the germination of Kochia scoparia . Wetl. Ecol. Manag. 9:483–489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kocacinar, F. and Sage, R. 2003. Photosynthetic pathway alters xylem structure and hydraulic function in herbaceous plants. Plant Cell Environ. 26:2015–2026.Google Scholar
Kvalseth, T. 1985. Cautionary note about R2 . Am. Stat. 39:279–285.Google Scholar
Lawson, A., Van Acker, R. C., and Friesen, L. 2006. Emergence timing of volunteer canola in spring wheat fields in Manitoba. Weed Sci. 54:73–82.Google Scholar
Leeson, J. Y., Thomas, A. G., and Sheard, J. W. 2005a. Weed distribution across field boundaries adjacent to roadsides. in Thomas, A.G., ed. Field Boundary Habitats: Implications for Weed, Insect and Disease management. Topics in Canadian Weed Science, Volume 1. Saint-Anne-de-Bellvue, Quebec, Canada Canadian Weed Science Society. 185–200.Google Scholar
Leeson, J., Thomas, A., Hall, L., Brenzil, C., Brown, K., and Van Acker, R. 2005b. Prairie Weed Survey: Cereal, Oilseed and Pulse Crops 1970s to the 2000s. Weed Survey Series. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada Saskatoon Research Centre Publication 05-1. 395.Google Scholar
McMaster, G. and Wilhelm, W. 1997. Growing degree-days: one equation, two interpretations. Agric. For. Meteorol. 87:291–300.Google Scholar
Mickelson, J., Bussan, A., Davis, E., Hulting, A., and Dyer, W. 2004. Postharvest kochia (Kochia scoparia) management with herbicides in small grains. Weed Technol. 18:426–431.Google Scholar
Milchunas, D., Laurenroth, W., and Chapman, P. 1992. Plant competition, abiotic, and long- and short-term effects of large herbivores on demography of opportunistic species in a semiarid grassland. Oecologia. 92:520–531.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mulugeta, D. 1991. Management, inheritance, and gene flow resistance to chlorsulfuron in Kochia scoparia L. (Schrad). . Bozeman, MT Montana State University. 134.Google Scholar
Nazarko, O. M., Van Acker, R. C., and Entz, M. H. 2005. Strategies and tactics for herbicide use reduction in field crops in Canada: a review. Can. J. Plant Sci. 85:457–479.Google Scholar
Nussbaum, E., Wiese, A., Crutchfield, D., Chenault, E., and Lavake, D. 1985. The effect of temperature and rainfall on emergence and growth of eight weeds. Weed Sci. 33:165–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seedfeldt, S., Jensen, J., and Fuerst, E. 1995. Log-logistic analysis of herbicide dose–response relationships. Weed Technol. 9:218–227.Google Scholar
Stepphun, H. and Wall, K. 1993. Kochia scoparia emergence from saline soil under various water regimes. J. Range Manag. 46:533–538.Google Scholar
Subramanian, M. V., Loney-Gallant, V., Dias, J. M., and Mireles, L. C. 1991. Acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicides bind to the regulatory site. Plant Physiol. 96:310–313.Google Scholar
Thill, D., Mallory-Smith, C., Saari, L., Cotterman, J., Primiani, M., and Saladini, J. 1991. Sulfonylurea herbicide resistant weeds: Discovery, distribution, biology, mechanism, and management. in Caseley, J., Cussans, G., and Atkin, R., eds. Herbicide Resistance in Weeds and Crops. Oxford, UK Butterworth-Heinemann. 115–128. 528.Google Scholar
Thompson, C., Thill, D., and Shafi, B. 1994. Germination characteristics of sulfonylurea-resistant and -susceptible kochia (Kochia scoparia). Weed Sci. 42:50–56.Google Scholar
Weatherspoon, D. and Schweitzer, E. 1969. Competition between kochia and sugarbeets. Weed Sci. 17:464–467.Google Scholar
Weatherspoon, D. and Schweizer, E. 1971. Competition between sugarbeets and five densities of kochia. Weed Sci. 19:125–128.Google Scholar
Wicks, G., Mahnken, G., and Hanson, G. 1997. Weed control and crop injury in ecofallow corn (Zea mays) using imazethapyr. Weed Technol. 11:748–754.Google Scholar
Zorner, P., Zimdahl, R., and Schweizer, E. 1984. Effect of depth and duration of seed burial on kochia (Kochia scoparia). Weed Sci. 32:602–607.Google Scholar