Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-wq2xx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T00:53:23.569Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Predicting timing of downy brome (Bromus tectorum) seed production using growing degree days

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Daniel A. Ball ,
Sandra M. Frost  and
Alix I. Gitelman
Sandra M. Frost
Affiliation:
Columbia Basin Agriculture Research Center, Oregon State University, Pendleton, OR 97801
Alix I. Gitelman
Affiliation:
Statistics Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Downy brome in dryland winter wheat presents a major constraint to the adoption of reduced tillage cropping systems in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Effective suppression of downy brome during fallow periods depletes seed in the soil and reduces infestations in subsequent winter wheat crops. Delayed tillage operations or delayed herbicide applications in the spring increase the risk for production of viable downy brome seed during fallow periods. In a series of studies, downy brome panicles were sequentially sampled at Pendleton, OR, and Pullman, WA, in 1996 and 1997, and at nine locations around the winter wheat growing region of the western United States in 1999 and 2001. Cumulative growing degree days (GDD) were calculated using local, daily maximum, and minimum air temperature data. A simple GDD model based on the formula GDD = (daily maximum temperature [C] + daily minimum temperature [C])/2, with a base temperature of 0 C and a starting point of January 1, was used to calculate cumulative GDD values for panicle sampling dates. Number of seed germinating per collected panicle was recorded in greenhouse germination tests. Estimations of degree days required for production of viable downy brome seed were made using nonlinear regression of germination on GDD. The GDD value at which viable seed can be found on plants (i.e., when seed germination > 0) was of interest. Estimates of the GDD values at which viable seed could be found in the three studies ranged from 582 GDD at Bozeman, MT, to 1,287 GDD at Stillwater, OK, with a group of GDD values for Pendleton and Pullman around 1,000. Variation in seed-set GDD among locations may be attributed to differing climatic conditions that control vernalization at the various locations or to differences in vernalization requirements among downy brome biotypes (or both).

Keywords

Downy brome, Bromus tectorum L. BROTEwinter wheat, Triticum aestivum L. TRZAWSeed developmentgrowing degree daysmodelingcheatgrass
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 52 , Issue 4 , August 2004 , pp. 518 - 524
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Ball, D. A. 1992. Weed seedbank response to tillage, herbicides, and crop rotation sequence. Weed Sci 40:654–659.Google Scholar
Ball, D. A., Klepper, B., and Rydrych, D. J. 1995. Comparative above-ground development rates for several annual grass weeds and cereal grains. Weed Sci 43:410–416.Google Scholar
Ball, D. A. and Mallory-Smith, C. 2000. Sulfonylurea herbicide resistance in downy brome. Pages 41–42 in Proceedings of the Western Society of Weed Science. Reno, Nevada: Weed Science Society of America.Google Scholar
Blackshaw, R. E. 1994. Rotation affects downy brome in winter wheat. Weed Technol 8:728–732.Google Scholar
Brooking, I. R. 1996. Temperature response of vernalization in wheat: a developmental analysis. Ann. Bot 78:507–512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chouard, P. 1960. Vernalization and its relations to dormancy. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol 11:191–237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daugovish, O., Lyon, D. J., and Baltensperger, D. D. 1999. Cropping systems to control winter annual grasses in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Technol 13:120–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deen, W., Hunt, L. A., and Swanton, C. J. 1998. Photothermal time describes common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) phonological development and growth. Weed Sci 46:561–568.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Devos, K. M., Moore, G., and Gale, M. D. 1995. Conservation of marker synteny during evolution. Euphytica 85:367–372.Google Scholar
Dotray, P. A. and Young, F. L. 1993. Characterization of root and shoot development of jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica). Weed Sci 41:353–361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fowler, D. B., Chauvin, L. P., Limin, A. E., and Sarhan, F. 1996. The regulatory role of vernalization in the expression of low-temperature-induced genes in wheat and rye. Theor. Appl. Genet 93:554–559.Google Scholar
Gleichsner, J. A. and Appleby, A. P. 1996. Effects of vernalization on flowering in ripgut brome (Bromus diandrus). Weed Sci 44:57–62.Google Scholar
Hay, R. K. M. and Ellis, R. P. 1998. The control of flowering in wheat and barley: what recent advances in molecular genetics can reveal. Ann. Bot 82:541–554.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hay, R. K. M. and Kirby, E. J. M. 1991. Convergence and synchrony—a review of the coordination of development in wheat. Aust. J. Agric. Res 42:661–700.Google Scholar
Kato, K. and Yokoyama, H. 1992. Geographical variation in heading characters among wheat landraces, Triticum aestivum L., and its implication for their adaptability. Theor. Appl. Genet 84:259–265.Google Scholar
Klepper, B., Belford, R. K., and Rickman, R. W. 1984. Root and shoot development in winter wheat. Agron. J 76:117–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klepper, B., Rickman, R. W., and Peterson, C. M. 1982. Quantitative characterization of vegetative development in small cereal grains. Agron. J 74:789–792.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klepper, B., Rickman, R. W., Zuzel, J. F., and Waldman, S. E. 1988. Use of growing degree-days to project sample dates for cereal crops. Agron. J 80:850–852.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mallory-Smith, C., Hendrickson, P., and Mueller-Warrant, G. 1999. Cross-resistance of primisulfuron-resistant downy brome to sulfosulfuron. Weed Sci 47:256–257.Google Scholar
Manupeerapan, T., Davidson, J. L., Pearson, C. J., and Christian, K. R. 1992. Differences in flowering responses of wheat to temperature and photoperiod. Aust. J. Agric. Res 43:575–584.Google Scholar
Pacific Northwest Weed Management Handbook. 2002. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University. 420 p.Google Scholar
SAS Institute Inc. 1989. SAS/STAT User's Guide. Version 6, 4th ed., Volume 2. Cary, NC: Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. 846 p.Google Scholar
Slafer, C. A. and Rawson, H. M. 1995. Base and optimum temperatures vary with genotype and stage of development in wheat. Plant Cell Environ 18:671–679.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thill, D. C., Schirman, R. D., and Appleby, A. P. 1980. Influence of afterripening temperature and endogenous rhythms on downy brome (Bromus tectorum) germination. Weed Sci 28:321–323.Google Scholar
Trione, E. J. and Metzger, R. J. 1970. Wheat and barley vernalization in a precise temperature gradient. Crop Sci 10:390–392.Google Scholar
Walenta, D. L., Yenish, J. P., Young, F. L., and Ball, D. A. 2002. Vernalization response of plants grown from spikelets of spring and fall cohorts of jointed goatgrass. Weed Sci 50:461–465.Google Scholar
Wilen, C. A., Holt, J. S., and McClosky, W. B. 1996. Predicting yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) emergence using degree-day models. Weed Sci 44:821–829.Google Scholar
Yenish, J. P., Doll, J. D., and Buhler, D. D. 1992. Effects of tillage on vertical distribution and viability of weed seed in soil. Weed Sci 40:429–433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar