The aim of this Educational Exhibit is to delineate the relation between cigarette smoking and the development of interstitial lung disease with declaration of the different types of the interstitial lung associated with smoking. In this educational Exhibit, thehigh-resolutioncomputed tomography(HRCT) features of the traditionalsmoking-relatedinterstitial lung diseases (SR-ILD) are described: Respiratory bronchiolitis (RB) Respiratory bronchiolitis-associated ILD (RB-ILD) Desquamativeinterstitialpneumonia (DIP) Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE)

Cigarette smoke is a complex mixture containing more than 4000 compounds, many of which have toxic effects both on the lungs and throughout the body. The direct toxicity of cigarette smoke and the body's subsequent response to this lung injury leads to a wide array of pathologic manifestations and disease states that lead to both reversible and irreversible injury to the large airways, small airways, alveolar walls, and alveolar spaces. Besides chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary emphysema, and lung cancer, this group of diseases includes...

Smoking related lung diseases are the respiratory manifestations of diseases that are related to smoking. Smoking affects the lungs in numerous ways, and can be classified under the following headings: Smoking related interstitial lung diseases (SR-ILD),including entities secondary tosmoking-relatedlunginflammation such as: Respiratory Bronchiolitis (RB) Respiratory Bronchiolitis-Interstitial Lung Disease (RB-ILD) Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia (DIP) Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (PLCH) Acuteeosinophilic pneumonia as well as chronic fibrosinglungdiseasesstrongly associated with cigarette smoke including Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) Respiratory bronchiolitis (RB)is an inflammatory...

There is a strong correlation between smoking and interstitial lung diseases, as well as overlapping in their clinical and radiological manifestations. Chest HRCT remains the diagnostic modality of choice, and can be sufficient to establish the diagnosis in some cases. The interstitial lung diseases frequently present with overlapping clinical pathological features and in addition may coexist within the same patient. In the clinical routine the differential diagnosis may be challenging or even impossible. To the radiologist is required an integrated clinical, radiologic, and pathologic approach...

Contact details: Dr. Gianluca Marrone Radiology Unit IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo Email: [email protected] Dr. Francesca Crinò Dr. Settimo Caruso Dr. Ambra Di Piazza Dr. Giovanni Gentile Dr. Vincenzo Carollo Dr. Giuseppe Mamone Dr. Mariapina Milazzo Resident in training: Dr.Elisa Oddo, Radiology Department, Università degli studi di Palermo

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