본고는 고문헌을 접하는 연구자들이 신출자형을 판독하는 데 조금이나마 도움이 되고자 필자의 경험을 토대로 몇 가지 유형으로 나누어 정리한 것이다. 신출자형의 판독을 위해 접근할 수 있는 방법은 다양하므로 연구자의 성향이나 전공에 따라 편리한 방법으로 접근하는 것이 유리하다.
2장에서는 신출자형의 접근방법을 ‘원전텍스트’, ‘유사내용’, ‘운서자료’ 세 가지로 나누어 기술하였다. ‘원전텍스트’에서는 13經과 諸子百家와 관련 있다고 판단되는 경우 1차적으로 원전텍스트를 검토하고, 전거를 찾기 어려운 경우 <고전DB> 등 각종 DB를 통해 유사내용을 확인하는 방법과 유사자형의 비교를 통해 검토하고, ‘운서자료’에서는 韻文에 해당하는 자료의 경우 韻字를 검토하여 해당 자형을 검증하는 방법 등을 소개하였다.
3장에서는 자형분석을 통해 판독한 유형을 ‘異體字’ ‘異形字’ ‘音借字’ ‘校勘’으로 나누어 기술하였다. 이중 유형이 많은 ‘異形字’는 새로운 구조, 簡化, 繁化, 異動, 類化, 對替, 追加 등으로 세분하였다. ‘誤字와 校勘’에서는 한국고전번역원의 <교감지침>을 참고하여 誤字로 간주하여 교감처리를 할 것인지, 이체자로 인정하여 바로 대체할 것인지가 애매한 유형들에 대해 검토하였다.
This paper is based on my experience of summarizing newly encountered characters into several types. I hope it will be of help to researchers. In reading old documents, it is necessary to recognize and decide if certain Chinese characters are new to the reader or simply represent a variant form. In section two, I will discuss a three-point method to recognize difficult Chinese characters; the three points are their use in old texts, their similarity to other characters, and the contents of rhyming dictionaries (韻書). If a researcher believes that the text in question is related to the thirteen classics (十三經) or an early Chinese philosopher (諸子百家), he must first review the text and look to find the same text in the classics. If it is difficult to locate the text in question in the classics, the researcher should then search for similar content. This can be done by using a large database. The third method is using rhyming dictionaries. The researcher should look for the character’s rhyme and then search for the same or similarly shaped characters in the book. By using the way explained above, the researcher can make decisions about the new character shape and assign it to one of five categories: variant (異體字), various structural component (異形字), characters that are phonetic loans (音借字), wrong shape (誤字) and collation (校勘). Various structural components occur by reason of novelty, simplification, complication, movement, ellipsis, replacement of component, and addition. Also, the wrong shape and collation sections discusses how to review vague characters and divide them into either the category of having the wrong shape or one of various other forms of a character.
This paper is based on my experience of summarizing newly encountered characters into several types. I hope it will be of help to researchers. In reading old documents, it is necessary to recognize and decide if certain Chinese characters are new to the reader or simply represent a variant form. In section two, I will discuss a three-point method to recognize difficult Chinese characters; the three points are their use in old texts, their similarity to other characters, and the contents of rhyming dictionaries (韻書). If a researcher believes that the text in question is related to the thirteen classics (十三經) or an early Chinese philosopher (諸子百家), he must first review the text and look to find the same text in the classics. If it is difficult to locate the text in question in the classics, the researcher should then search for similar content. This can be done by using a large database. The third method is using rhyming dictionaries. The researcher should look for the character’s rhyme and then search for the same or similarly shaped characters in the book. By using the way explained above, the researcher can make decisions about the new character shape and assign it to one of five categories: variant (異體字), various structural component (異形字), characters that are phonetic loans (音借字), wrong shape (誤字) and collation (校勘). Various structural components occur by reason of novelty, simplification, complication, movement, ellipsis, replacement of component, and addition. Also, the wrong shape and collation sections discusses how to review vague characters and divide them into either the category of having the wrong shape or one of various other forms of a character.