本稿は論語に登場するオノマトペを調査․分類し、中国側注釈書における理解の変化について考察し、さらに無跋本論語集解を対象として日本中世の論語訓読での翻訳様相について考察したものである。 論語には53種のオノマトペが69個所で登場する。この中、「喟然」と「鏗爾」の2種は擬音語であり、残り51種は擬態語である。接尾辭を伴うもの[41種]がそうでないもの[12種]の4倍に近い。接尾辭は「然, 如, 焉, 爾, 乎, 兮」の6種が確認される。53種の中、29種が畳語か畳語を含んでいる。 古注の代表的な注釈書である論語集解と新注の代表的な注釈書である論語集注の間において、オノマトペの理解に相違を示すものは「倩兮、恂恂如、侃侃如、誾誾如、 踧踖如、怡怡如、愉愉如、切切偲偲」の8種である。 無跋本論語集解において、オノマトペが単独で訓まれたのは「狂簡, 切切偲偲」の2種で、「す」が付いてさ行変格動詞の形で訓まれたのは「栖栖, 滔滔」の2種、「なり」が付いてなり形容動詞と訓まれたのは「率爾」がある。残る48種は「たり」が付いてたり形容動詞として訓読された。(終止形用例28種、連体形用例が4種、連用形用例が15種、終止形と連用形とに現れたのが1種) 接尾辭「兮」を伴う「倩兮」と「盻兮」の場合、「兮」を「読みすて」、つまり不読字として扱い、訓んでいない。また接尾辭「乎」を伴う用例の中、連体形として訓まれた用例は 「乎」を音読せず、終助詞「かな」と訓んでいる。しかし「乎」が付いて用例の中、連用形で訓まれた用例においては、「乎」まで訓読をした後「として」を付けて訓んでいる。このように中国古典の訓読をとおして、中国語のオノマトペを取り入れる過程において、活用形によって接尾辞の訓読に相違が確認された。
This study investigates and categorizes onomatopoeic words of Lunyu(the Analects of Confucius), and considers about change in commentaries of the Analects in China, moreover it considers aspect of translation in middle ages of Japan through in Mubatsu-bon Lunyu Jijie(abb. MLJ). There are 69 examples (53 types) in the Analects. Among of them ‘喟然’, ‘鏗爾’ these 2 examples are echoic words, but 51 examples are imitative words. The number of words without suffix (12 cases) is nearly 4 times more than that of 41 words with suffix. There are 6 types of suffix, ‘然’, ‘如’, ‘焉’, ‘爾’, ‘乎’, ‘兮’, among 53 examples, 29 examples of onomatopoeia words are reduplication words itself or include reduplication words. Between of Lunyu Jijie what is typical old commentaries and Lunyu Jizhu what is typical new commentaries of the Analects, ‘倩兮’, ‘恂恂如’, ‘侃侃如’, ‘誾誾如’, ‘踧踖如’, ‘怡怡如’, ‘愉愉如’, ‘切切偲偲’, 8 examples are different each other. In the MLJ, ‘狂簡’, ‘切切偲偲’, 2 examples are read by without any other glosses, ‘栖栖’, ‘滔滔’, 2 examples are added ‘-su(as verb)’, only 1 example with ‘-nari(as adjective verb)’ is ‘率爾’. The remaining 48 examples are all with ‘-tari’(28 examples are terminal, 4 examples are attributive, 15 examples are continuative, 1 example has terminal and continuative form). In case of words with suffix ‘-兮’, e.g. ‘倩兮’, ‘盻兮’, are not read ‘-兮’. And some case of continuative form words with suffix ‘-乎’, ‘-乎’ are read as final particle –‘kana’ instead of –‘ko(Sino-Japanese reading)’, but in case of attributive form, are read as ‘-ko+toshite’. Through the diacritical materials of classical Chinese in Japan, this study revealed that there is difference of glossing by inflection of onomatopoeic words in classical Chinese sentences.
This study investigates and categorizes onomatopoeic words of Lunyu(the Analects of Confucius), and considers about change in commentaries of the Analects in China, moreover it considers aspect of translation in middle ages of Japan through in Mubatsu-bon Lunyu Jijie(abb. MLJ). There are 69 examples (53 types) in the Analects. Among of them ‘喟然’, ‘鏗爾’ these 2 examples are echoic words, but 51 examples are imitative words. The number of words without suffix (12 cases) is nearly 4 times more than that of 41 words with suffix. There are 6 types of suffix, ‘然’, ‘如’, ‘焉’, ‘爾’, ‘乎’, ‘兮’, among 53 examples, 29 examples of onomatopoeia words are reduplication words itself or include reduplication words. Between of Lunyu Jijie what is typical old commentaries and Lunyu Jizhu what is typical new commentaries of the Analects, ‘倩兮’, ‘恂恂如’, ‘侃侃如’, ‘誾誾如’, ‘踧踖如’, ‘怡怡如’, ‘愉愉如’, ‘切切偲偲’, 8 examples are different each other. In the MLJ, ‘狂簡’, ‘切切偲偲’, 2 examples are read by without any other glosses, ‘栖栖’, ‘滔滔’, 2 examples are added ‘-su(as verb)’, only 1 example with ‘-nari(as adjective verb)’ is ‘率爾’. The remaining 48 examples are all with ‘-tari’(28 examples are terminal, 4 examples are attributive, 15 examples are continuative, 1 example has terminal and continuative form). In case of words with suffix ‘-兮’, e.g. ‘倩兮’, ‘盻兮’, are not read ‘-兮’. And some case of continuative form words with suffix ‘-乎’, ‘-乎’ are read as final particle –‘kana’ instead of –‘ko(Sino-Japanese reading)’, but in case of attributive form, are read as ‘-ko+toshite’. Through the diacritical materials of classical Chinese in Japan, this study revealed that there is difference of glossing by inflection of onomatopoeic words in classical Chinese sentences.