초록

The purpose of the study was to investigate EFL undergraduate students’ self-regulation in synchronous online learning environments. The participants of this study consisted of 124 English majors enrolled in courses delivered via Zoom. The data were gathered using two questionnaires, the Online Self-regulation Questionnaire (Barnard et al., 2009) and a seven-item questionnaire regarding the students’ perceived usefulness of technology in improving English language skills. The findings indicated that students had moderate levels of self-regulation, with the highest level of environmental structuring and the lowest level of help-seeking. Moreover, students showed the strongest perceptions concerning the usefulness of technology in improving listening skills, but they were skeptical about the usefulness of technology in developing writing skills. The results also revealed weak positive correlations between students’ online self-regulation and their perceptions of using technology to learn English. Also, regression analysis showed a weak linear association, but it suggested that the students’ perceived usefulness of technology still could be a significant predictor. This study, conducted amid the COVID-19 pandemic, shed light on the importance of self-regulation in synchronous online learning environments. It is suggested that understanding and promoting online self-regulation should be emphasized.

키워드

online self-regulation, synchronous online class, Zoom, remote learning, distance learning, COVID-19

참고문헌(39)open

  1. [학술지] Anthonysamy, L. / 2020 / Self-regulated learning strategies and non-academic outcomes in higher education blended learning environments : A one decade review / Education and Information Technologies 25 : 3677 ~ 3704

  2. [학술지] Azevedo, R. / 2004 / Does training on self-regulated learning facilitate students'learning with hypermedia? / Journal of Educational Psychology 96 (3) : 523 ~ 535

  3. [학술지] Barnard, L. / 2009 / Measuring self-regulation in online and blended learning environments / The Internet and Higher Education 12 : 1 ~ 6

  4. [학술지] Barnard-Brak, L. / 2010 / Profiles in self-regulated learning in the online learning environment / International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning 11 (1) : 62 ~ 80

  5. [단행본] Bernacki, M. / 2011 / Fostering self-regulated learning through ICT / IGI Global Publishers : 1 ~ 26

  6. [학술지] Broadbent, J. / 2017 / Comparing online and blended learner's self-regulated learning strategies and academic performance / Internet and Higher Education 33 : 24 ~ 32

  7. [학술지] Broadbent, J. / 2015 / Self-regualted learning strategies and academic achievement in online higher education learning environments : A systematic review / The Internet and Higher Education 27 : 1 ~ 13

  8. [학술지] Carter Jr, R. A. / 2020 / Self-regulated learning in online learning environments: strategies for remote learning / Information and Learning Sciences 121 (5/6) : 321 ~ 329

  9. [학술지] Cheng, K. H. / 2011 / An investigation of Taiwan University students' perceptions of online academic help seeking, and their web-based learning self-efficacy / Internet and Higher Education 14 (3) : 150 ~ 157

  10. [단행본] Dörnyei, Z. / 2005 / The psychology of the language learner: Individual dfferences in second language acquisition / Lawrence Erlbaum : 162 ~ 196

  11. [인터넷자료] Friedman, T. / After the pandemic, a revolution in education and work awaits / The New York Times

  12. [학술지] Greene J. A. / 2007 / A theoretical review of Winne and Hadwin’s model of self-regulated learning : New perspectives and directions / Review of Educational Research 77 (3) : 334 ~ 372

  13. [학술지] Hood, N. / 2015 / Context Counts : How learners' contexts influence learning in a MOOC / Computers & Education 91 : 83 ~ 91

  14. [인터넷자료] Kye, B. / An analysis of the experience and perception of remote education in primary and secondary schools according to COVID-19

  15. [학술지] Kizilcec, R. F. / 2017 / Self-regulated learning strategies predict learner behavior and goal attainment in Massive Open Online Courses / Computers &Education 104 : 18 ~ 33

  16. [학술지] Kuo, Y. C. / 2014 / Interaction, Internet self-efficacy and self-regulated learning as predictors of student satisfaction in online education courses / The Internet and Higher Education 20 : 35 ~ 50

  17. [학술지] Landrum, B. / 2020 / Examining students’ confidence to learn online, self-regulation skills and perceptions of satisfaction and usefulness of online classes / Online Learning 24 (3) : 128 ~ 146

  18. [학술지] Lee, Y. / 2013 / Discriminating factors between completers of and dropouts from online learning courses / British Journal of Educational Technology 44 (2) : 328 ~ 337

  19. [학술지] Lee, D. / 2019 / Systematic literature review on self-regulated learning in massive open online courses / Australasian Journal of Educational Technology 35 (1) : 28 ~ 41

  20. [단행본] Levy, M. / 2006 / CALL dimensions: Options and issues in computer-assisted language learning / Lawrence Erlbaum Associates

  21. [학술지] Littlejohn, A. / 2016 / Learning in MOOCs : Motivations and self-regulated learning in MOOCs / The Internet and Higher Education 29 : 40 ~ 48

  22. [학술지] Lynch, R. / 2004 / The relationship between self-regulation and online learning in a blended learning context / The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 5 (2)

  23. [학술지] Maldonado-Mahauad, J. / 2018 / Mining theory-based patterns from big data : Identifying self-regulated learning strategies in Massive Open Online Courses / Computers in Human Behavior 80 : 179 ~ 196

  24. [학술지] Martinez-Lopez, R. / 2017 / Online self-regulated learning questionnaire in a Russian MOOC / Computers in Human Behavior 75 : 966 ~ 974

  25. [학술지] Peart, D. / 2017 / Student use and perception of technology enhanced learning in a mass lecture knowledge-rich domain first year undergraduate module / International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education 14 (1) : 40

  26. [학술지] Pintrich, P. / 2000 / An achievement goal theory perspective on issues in motivation terminology, theory, and research / Contemporary Educational Psychology 25 : 92 ~ 104

  27. [학술지] Reparaz, C. / 2020 / Self-regulation of learning and MOOC retention / Computers and Human Behaviors 111 : 106423

  28. [학술지] Roussos, P. / 2007 / The Greek computer attitudes scale : Construction and assessment of psychometric properties / Computers in Human Behavior 23 : 578 ~ 590

  29. [학술지] Ryan, A. M. / 1997 / “Should I ask for help?” The role of motivation and attitudes in adolescents' help-seeking in math class / Journal of Educational Psychology 89 (2) : 329 ~ 341

  30. [학술지] Schunk, D. H. / 2005 / Self-regulated learning: The educational legacy of Paul R. Pintrich / Educational Psychologist 40 : 85 ~ 94

  31. [단행본] Schunk, D. H. / 2010 / Handbook of self-regulation / Academic Press : 631 ~ 649

  32. [학술지] Su, Y. / 2018 / Moving literature circles into wiki-based environment:The role of online self-regulation in EFL learners’ attitude toward collaborative learning / Computer Assisted Language Learning 32 (5-6) : 556 ~ 586

  33. [학술지] Tao, J. / 2020 / Cluster analysis on Chinese university students’ conceptions of English language learning and their online self-regulation / Australasian Journal of Educational Technology 36 (2) : 105 ~ 119

  34. [학술지] Wandler, J. / 2017 / Promoting undergraduate student self-regulation in online learning environments / Online Learning 21 (2) : 1 ~ 16

  35. [학술지] Wang, W. / 2020 / The relationship between English language learner characteristics and online self-regulation : A structural equation modeling approach / Sustainability 12 (7) : 1 ~ 25

  36. [학술지] Wong, J. / 2019 / Supporting self-regulated learning in online learning environments and MOOCs: A systematic review / International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 35 (4-5) : 356 ~ 373

  37. [단행본] Zimmerman, B. / 2000 / Handbook of self-regulation / Academic Press : 13 ~ 39

  38. [단행본] Zimmerman, B. / 2001 / Self-regulated learning and academic achievement theoretical perspectives / Routledge Taylor & Francis Group : 1 ~ 37

  39. [학술지] Zimmerman, B. / 2008 / Investigating self-regulation and motivation : Historical background, methodological developments, and future projects / American Educational Research Journal 45 : 166 ~ 183