Abstract
A noncentrosymmetric aluminum borate crystal, Al5BO9, was obtained via high-temperature solution method. Considering the structure diversities of Al5BO9, the single crystal structure was cautiously redetermined before the investigation. The fundamental building blocks of the structure are BO3 triangles, AlO4 tetrahedra, and AlO6 octahedra. Since Al5BO9 only consists of strong covalent B–O and Al–O bonds, it is worth investigating the structure–optical property relationship thoroughly, especially the linear and nonlinear optical properties. To gain further insight into the origin of the nonlinear optical response of Al5BO9, the electronic structure calculations, second harmonic generation (SHG)-weighted electron density, and dipole moment of polyhedra were analyzed in detail. All evidences deduced from calculated results indicate that the SHG contribution from the Al–O polyhedra is more pronounced than that of the BO3 group in Al5BO9, which is anticipated to open a window for the search and design of new inorganic materials.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
P. Becker: Borate materials in nonlinear optics. Adv. Mater. 10, 979 (1998).
C.T. Chen, N. Ye, J. Lin, J. Jiang, W.R. Zeng, and B.C. Wu: Computer-assisted search for nonlinear optical crystals. Adv. Mater. 11, 1071 (1999).
T. Sasaki, Y. Mori, M. Yoshimura, Y.K. Yap, and T. Kamimura: Recent development of nonlinear optical borate crystals: Key materials for generation of visible and UV light. Mater. Sci. Eng., R 30, 1 (2000).
T. Katsumata, T. Yoshimura, K. Kanazawa, and H. Aizawa: Growth of lithium borate crystals from the vitreous state. J. Mater. Res. 9, 8 (1994).
Y. Ding and Y. Miura: Stimulated surface crystallization of β- barium borate on glass due to ultrasonic treatment and second harmonic generation. J. Mater. Res. 11, 2 (1996).
C.T. Chen, B.C. Wu, A.D. Jiang, and G.M. You: A new-type ultraviolet SHG crystal-beta-BaB2O4. Sci. Sin., Ser. B 28, 235 (1985).
C.T. Chen, Y.C. Wu, A.D. Jiang, B.C. Wu, G.M. You, R.K. Li, and S.J. Lin: New nonlinear-optical crystal: LiB3O5. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6, 616 (1989).
Y. Mori, I. Kuroda, S. Nakajima, T. Sasaki, and S. Nakai: New nonlinear optical crystal: Cesium lithium borate. Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 1818 (1995).
B.C. Wu, D.Y. Tang, N. Ye, and C.T. Chen: Linear and nonlinear optical properties of the KBe2BO3F2 (KBBF) crystal. Opt. Mater. 5, 105 (1996).
H.W. Yu, H.P. Wu, S.L. Pan, Z.H. Yang, X.L. Hou, X. Su, Q. Jing, K.R. Poeppelmeier, and J.M. Rondinelli: Cs3Zn6B9O21: A chemically benign member of the KBBF family exhibiting the largest second harmonic generation response. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 1264 (2014).
H.H. Lin, H.B. Liang, Z.F. Tian, Q. Su, H.Y. Xie, and J.F. Ding: Vacuum-ultraviolet–vis luminescence of dibarium magnesium orthoborate Ba2Mg(BO3)2 doped with Ce3+ and Eu2+ ions. J. Mater. Res. 21, 4 (2006).
H. Emme, M. Valldor, R. Pöttgen, and H. Huppertz: Associating borate and silicate chemistry by extreme conditions: High-pressure synthesis, crystal structure, and properties of the new borates RE3B5O12 (RE = Er-Lu). Chem. Mater. 17, 2707 (2005).
C.H. Lu and S.V. Godbole: Synthesis and characterization of ultraviolet-emitting cerium-ion-doped SrBPO5 phosphors. J. Mater. Res. 19, 8 (2004).
H.P. Wu, H.W. Yu, Z.H. Yang, X.L. Hou, X. Su, S.L. Pan, K.R. Poeppelmeier, and J.M. Rondinelli: Designing a deep-ultraviolet nonlinear optical material with a large second harmonic generation response. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 4215 (2013).
Y.C. Wu, T. Sasaki, S. Nakai, A.Y. okotani, H. Tang, and C.T. Chen: Structural, electronic and optical properties of novel carbonate fluorides ABCO3 F (A = K, Rb, Cs; B =Ca, Sr). Appl. Phys. Lett. 62, 2614 (1993).
M. Zhang, X. Su, S.L. Pan, Z. Wang, H. Zhang, Z.H. Yang, B.B. Zhang, L.Y. Dong, Y. Wang, F.F. Zhang, and Y. Yang: Linear and nonlinear optical properties of K3B6O10Br single crystal: Experiment and calculation. J. Phys. Chem. C 118, 11849 (2014).
Z.G. Hu, T. Higashiyama, M. Yoshimura, Y.K. Yap, Y. Mori, and T. Sasaki: A new nonlinear optical borate crystal K2Al2B2O7(KAB). Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, L1093 (1998).
L.J. Liu, C.L. Liu, X.Y. Wang, Z.G. Hu, R.K. Li, and C.T. Chen: Impact of Fe3+ on UV absorption of K2Al2B2O7 crystals. Solid State Sci. 11, 841 (2009).
Y. Zhou, Y.C. Yue, J.N. Wang, F. Yang, X.K. Cheng, D.F. Cui, Q.J. Peng, Z.G. Hu, and Z.Y. Xu: Nonlinear optical properties of BaAlBO3F2 Crystal. Opt. Express 17, 20033 (2009).
C.T. Chen, Z.S. Lin, and Z.Z. Wang: The development of new borate-based UV nonlinear optical crystals. Appl. Phys. B 80, 1 (2005).
J. Zhou, W.H. Fang, C. Rong, and G.Y. Yang: A series of open-framework aluminoborates templated by transition-metal complexes. Chem. Eur. J. 16, 4852 (2010).
Y.V. Sokolova, A.V. Azizov, M.A. Simonov, N.I. Leonyuk, and N.V. Belov: The crystal structure of the synthetic ortho-tri-borate Al5(BO3)O6. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 243, 655 (1978).
G.D. Gatta, P. Lotti, M. Merlini, H.P. Liermann, M. Fisch, N. Rotiroti, and T. Armbruster: High-pressure behavior and phase stability of Al5BO9, a mullite-type ceramic material. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 96, 2583 (2013).
Y. Shin, D.W. Lee, J. Hong, K. Kawk, and K.M. Ok: Second-harmonic generating properties of polar noncentrosymmetric aluminoborate solid solutions, Al5−xGaxBO9 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5). Dalton Trans. 41, 3233 (2012).
D. Mazza, M. Vallino, and G. Busca: Mullite-type structures in the system Al2O3-Me2O (Me = Na, K) and Al2O3-B2O3. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 75, 1929 (1992).
G.M. Sheldrick: SHELXTL, Version 6.14; Bruker Analytical X-ray Instruments. Inc. Madison, WI. (2003).
A.L. Spek: Single-crystal structure validation with the program PLATON. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 36, 7 (2003).
P. Kubelka and F.Z. Munk: A contribution to the optics of pigments. Tech. Phys. 12, 593 (1931).
S.K. Kurtz and T.T. Perry: A powder technique for the evaluation of nonlinear optical materials. J. Appl. Phys. 39, 3798 (1968).
S.J. Clark, M.D. Segall, C.J. Pickard, P.J. Hasnip, M.J. Probert, K. Rrfson, and M.C. Payne: First principles methods using CASTEP. Z. Kristallogr. 220, 568 (2005).
M.C. Payne, M.P. Teter, D.C. Allan, T.A. Arias, and J.D. Joannopoulos: Iterative minimization techniques for ab initio total-energy calculations: Molecular dynamics and conjugate gradients. Rev. Mod. Phys. 64, 1045 (1992).
S.N. Rashkeev, W.R.L. Lambrecht, and B. Segall: Efficient ab initio method for the calculation of frequency-dependent second-order optical response in semiconductors. Phys Rev. B. 57, 3905 (1998).
A.M. Rappe, K. Rabe, and M.E. Kaxiras: Optimized pseudopotentials. Phys. Rev. B. 41, 1227 (1990).
I.D. Brown and D. Altermatt: Bond-valence parameters obtained from a systematic analysis of the inorganic crystal structure database. Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B: Struct. Sci. 41, 244 (1985).
A. Vegas, F.H. Cano, and S. Garcis-Blance: Refinement of aluminium orthoborate. Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B: Struct. Sci. 33, 3607 (1977).
J. Ju, T. Yang, G.B. Li, F.H. Liao, Y.X. Wang, L.P. You, and J.H. Lin: PKU-5: An aluminoborate with novel octahedral framework topology. Chem. Eur. J. 10, 3901 (2004).
C. Cheng, C. Tang, X.X. Ding, X.T. Huang, Z.X. Huang, S.R. Qi, L. Hu, and Y.X. Li: Catalytic synthesis of aluminum borate nanowires. Chem. Phys. Lett. 373, 626 (2003).
J. Wang, J. Sha, Q. Yang, Y.W. Wang, and D.R. Yang: Synthesis of aluminium borate nanowires by sol–gel method. Mater. Res. Bull. 40, 1551 (2005).
H.J. Li, Z.J. Li, L.H. Qi, and H.B. Oy: Effect of extrusion on the thermal expansion behavior of Al18B4O33, whisker–Mg composites. Scr. Mater. 61, 512 (2009).
M. Fisch, T. Armbrustera, D. Rentsch, E. Libowitzky, and T. Pettke: Crystal-chemistry of mullite-type aluminoborates Al18B4O33 and Al5BO9: A stoichiometry puzzle. J. Solid State Chem. 184, 70 (2011).
M.H. Van der Mooren, T. Rasing, and H.J.A. Bluyssen: Determination of type I phase matching angles and conversion efficiency in KTP. Appl. Opt. 34, 934 (1995).
P. Debye: Polar Molecules. (The Chemical Catalog Company Inc., New York, 1929); p. 99.
P.S. Halasyamani: Asymmetric cation coordination in oxide materials: influence of lone-pair cations on the intra-octahedral distortion in d0 transition metals. Chem. Mater. 16, 3586 (2004).
J.J. Zhang, Z.H. Zhang, W.G. Zhang, Q.X. Zheng, Y.X. Sun, C.Q. Zhang, and X.T. Tao: Polymorphism of BaTeMo2O9: A new polar polymorph and the phase transformation. Chem. Mater. 23, 3752 (2011).
P. Mori-Sanchez, A.J. Cohen, and W.T. Yang: Localization and delocalization errors in density functional theory and implications for band-gap prediction. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 146401 (2008).
A.J. Cohen, P. Mori-Sanchez, and W.T. Yang: Fractional charge perspective on the band gap in density-functional theory. Phys. Rev. B. 77, 115123 (2008).
A.H. Reshak, I.V. Kityk, and S. Auluck: Investigation of the linear and nonlinear optical susceptibilities of KTiOPO4 single crystals: Theory and experiment. J. Phys. Chem. B 114, 16705 (2010).
A.H. Reshak, X.A. Chen, S. Auluck, H. Kamarudin, J. Chyský, A. Wojciechowski, and I.V. Kityk: Linear and nonlinear optical susceptibilities and the hyperpolarizability of borate LiBaB9O15 single-crystal: Theory and experiment. J. Phys. Chem. B 117, 14141 (2013).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was supported by the Special Fund for Xinjiang Key Laboratories (Grant No. 2014KL009), Graduate Research and Innovation Program in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China (XJGRI2014151), Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments of CAS (2013DP173196-2013-01).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Supporting Information
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
An, D., Zhang, M., Li, D. et al. Linear and nonlinear optical properties of aluminum borate crystal Al5BO9: Experiment and calculation. Journal of Materials Research 30, 2319–2326 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2015.204
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2015.204