Abstract
The existence inside targets during pulsed laser ablation of a sub-surface superheating effect (SSSH) has been predicted by numerical temperature estimations. The experimental evidence has been so far only indirect, based on the modification of the surface morphology caused by the explosive volume boiling induced by the SSSH effect. However, round-shaped micrometer-sized cavities formed by gas release due to volume boiling have been found on several target materials even when the temperature estimations did not predict any SSSH effect. Although the SSSH effect could exist under certain conditions, it seems that it is not a prerequisite for explosive volume boiling which is the actual mechanism responsible for droplets emission. Volume boiling could occur whenever a thick liquid layer, whose temperature is much higher than the equilibrium boiling value is formed and lasts for several tens of nanoseconds on the target surface, a situation usually found when the laser wavelength is poorly absorbed by the target material.
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Craciun, V., Craciun, D. Does the Subsurface Superheating Effect Really Exist?. MRS Online Proceedings Library 526, 15–20 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-526-15
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-526-15