Abstract
The benzylisoquinoline alkaloids of Annona muricata have been isolated, but their physiological or ecological role is unknown. The objective was to explore whether these secondary metabolites are involved in defense against phytopathogenic fungi. To do this, the alkaloidal response of 6-leaf seedlings of A. muricata was analyzed, previously inoculated with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Rhizopus stolonifer. Before and after inoculation, alkaloidal extracts of roots, stems, and leaves were obtained, and the antifungal activity was evaluated in vitro. The alkaloids anonaine, reticuline, nornuciferine, assimilobine, and coreximine were identified. C. gloeosporioides caused variable increases in the production of anonaine, reticuline and nornuciferine (10–1200%), while R. stolonifer only stimulated the increase of nornuciferin and anonaine (10%) in the stems and leaves. The alkaloidal extracts of inoculated seedlings increased the antifungal activity, both against the pathogen elicitor and against the second target pathogen. These findings suggest that the alkaloids participate in the antifungal defense mechanism.
Funding source: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologÃ-a
Award Identifier / Grant number: CONACYT 184108-2013; INFRA2014-01-000226293
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Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Research funding: This work was supported, in part, by a grant from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT 184108-2013; INFRA 2014-01-000226293) from the Mexican Research Council.
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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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