Abstract
This paper introduces a novel simulation approach for the magnetic properties of two-phase randomly ordered compounds. In industry, materials such as ferrous powder mixtures or metallic granulates are very often used as raw materials. Hence, their material characteristics are of utmost interest for material manufacturers in order to guarantee high quality standards. Typically, many parameters such as composition, inclusion shape, and the characteristics of the constituents affect the macroscopic physical behavior of such materials. In particular, the resulting permeability of multi-phase and randomly ordered materials exhibits a strong variation despite constant compounds. For the design and optimization of measurement setups, efficient simulators are necessary to estimate the effective permeability and its fluctuation range of a huge number of arrangements. In addition to the basic concept of the novel simulation method, this article presents some possible evaluations of the simulated results and their dependencies on the properties of the constituents. In the last century, a large number of different mixing formulas have been established in literature, which are summarized and compared to the simulation results. Finally, the simulated magnetic characteristics are evaluated with finite element simulation of a comparable particle arrangement.
Zusammenfassung
Dieser Artikel stellt einen neuartigen Simulationsansatz zur Bestimmung der magnetischen Eigenschaften von zweiphasigen und zufällig angeordneten Pulvermischungen vor. In der Industrie werden häufig eisenhaltige Pulvermischungen oder metallische Granulate als Grundmaterial für Herstellungsprozesse eingesetzt. Ihre Eigenschaften sind daher für den Materialhersteller von großem Interesse, um schließlich einen hohen Qualitätsstandard gewährleisten zu können. Typischerweise beeinflussen viele Parameter wie Zusammensetzung, Einschlussform und auch die Eigenschaften der Ausgangsstoffe selbst das makroskopische Verhalten derartiger Materialien. Insbesondere die resultierende Permeabilität von mehrphasigen und zufällig geordneten Materialien zeigt trotz konstanter Zusammensetzung eine starke Variation, welche auf die Partikelanordnung zurückgeführt werden kann. Für die Auslegung und Optimierung von Messaufbauten sind aus diesem Grund effiziente Simulatoren notwendig, um die effektive Permeabilität und ihren Schwankungsbereich abschätzen zu können. Zusätzlich zum Grundkonzept der neuen Simulationsmethode stellt dieser Artikel einige mögliche Auswertungen der simulierten Ergebnisse und deren Abhängigkeiten von den gewählten Simulationsparametern vor. Im letzten Jahrhundert haben sich für diesen Zweck in der Literatur viele verschiedene Mischformeln etabliert, die von den Autoren zusammengefasst und schlussendlich mit den Simulationsergebnissen verglichen werden. Am Ende wurden die simulierten magnetischen Eigenschaften mit jenen einer Finite-Elemente-Simulation verglichen.
Funding statement: This work has been supported by the COMET-K2 Center of the Linz Center of Mechatronics (LCM) funded by the Austrian federal government and the federal state of Upper Austria.
About the authors
Dipl.-Ing. Daniel Wöckinger was born in Linz, Austria in 1991. He received his master degree in mechatronics at the University of Linz, Austria in 2017. He is currently working toward the Ph. D. degree at JKU. Since 2017 he has been with the Institute of Electrical Drives and Power Electronics, Johannes Kepler University Linz. His research interests include magnetic measuring systems, eddy current testing and modeling of electromagnetic materials.
o. Univ.-Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr. sc. techn. Wolfgang Amrhein was born in Aschaffenburg, Germany, in 1957. He received the M. Sc. (Dipl.-Ing.) degree in electrical engineering in 1982 from the Technical University Darmstadt, Germany, and his Ph. D. (Dr. sc.techn.) degree in 1988 from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Switzerland. From 1982 to 1990, he was with the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich as a Scientific Assistant. In 1990, he joined Papst Motoren GmbH, St. Georgen, Germany, where he became the head of the development department in 1992. Since 1994, he has been a professor and subsequently the head of the Institute of Electrical Drives and Power Electronics, Johannes Kepler University (JKU), Linz, Austria. From 2000 to 2007 he was scientific head of the Linz Center of Competence in Mechatronics, Austria, together with Prof. R. Scheidl. Since 2010 he is also head of the JKU HOERBIGER Research Institute for Smart Actuators at JKU. His research interests include electric drives, with special emphasis on small electric motors, magnetic bearing systems, bearingless motors, and power electronics.
Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Stefan Schuster was born in Linz, Austria, in 1978. He received the Dipl.-Ing. (M. Sc.) degree in mechatronics and Dr. techn. degree (Ph.D) in mechatronics from Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria, in 2003 and 2007, respectively. From 2007 to 2009, he was a Senior Researcher with the Christian Doppler Laboratory for Integrated Radar Sensors, Institute for Communications and Information Engineering (ICIE), University of Linz, Linz, Austria. Since 2009, he has been a Research Engineer in the Sensor Systems and Signal Theory Group with voestalpine Stahl GmbH, Linz, Austria. His research interests include statistical signal processing, parameter estimation, radar signal processing, and RF system design. Dr. Schuster was recipient of the Austrian Mechatronic Award 2007 and of the 2011 Microwave Prize.
Johann Reisinger is currently Head of R&D Mechatronics of voestalpine Stahl GmbH. Main fields of activity are both the development of sensor and control systems including a model-based approach and the engineering and design of simulators for process and material development. One of the key aspects is the application of sensor- and model-based systems in order to optimize process and product quality. Johann Reisinger started his professional career as R&D Engineer at voestalpine in 1993 dealing with the development and application of physical and mechatronic systems in steel production. Since then he has held several leading positions in R&D. Johann Reisinger holds a Master Degree (Dipl.-Ing.) in Technical Physics and a PhD Degree in Technical Science and he is author of about 50 publications with emphasis on sensors systems, measuring technique, modeling, control and simulation in the metal producing and processing industry (focus on steel production).
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