Skip to content
Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by De Gruyter (A) June 1, 2016

Translation techniques and error analysis based on the example of the Old Croatian translation of Zrcalo člověčaskago spasenja (1445) from Old Czech

  • Martina Kramarić EMAIL logo

Summary

During their residence in Prague (Emaus) in the 14th and 15th centuries, Croatian Glagolitic monks translated a series of medieval religious works from Old Czech into Old Croatian. The best preserved and largest of all these translations is the Glagolitic script Zrcalo člověčaskago spasenja, which was transcribed by hand after its translation in Emaus by Deacon Luka in 1445 in Vrbnica on the island of Krk. This text is part of the Vatican Miscellany, better known as the Miscellany of Deacon Luka. This paper will discuss the translation techniques used, paying special attention to the translator and his level of knowledge of the Old Czech language. Since the earliest studies on the text, it has been said to be incomprehensible in many places due to the Old Czech template and the great deal of errors made during the translation and transcription process. Based on certain observed errors, Stjepan Ivšić concluded that the translator was Croatian. Since a copy of the Old Czech template has been preserved – a complete variant in the Krumlov Miscellany – this paper will attempt to identify and classify as-of-yet unobserved mistakes in the Old Croatian translation, using applied linguistics methods. The Latin original, the prose poem Speculum humanae salvationis will serve as the corrective. The analysis will incorporate both error analysis and translation theory, and the translation type and techniques will be discussed. We believe that this type of analysis will contribute to the better understanding and popularization of this insufficiently studied Old Croatian manuscript.

Sources

Zrcalo člověčaskago spasenja from Deacon Luka miscellany (1445), Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, sign. Borg. L. VII. 9., illirico 9.Search in Google Scholar

Kramarić, Martina. 2015. Bohemizmi u Zrcalu člověčaskago spasenja (1445.) u kontekstu starohrvatskih prijevoda sa staročeškoga jezika [Czech loanwords in Zrcalo člověčaskago spasenja (1445) in the context of Old Croatian translations from the Old Czech language]. Ph.D dissertation, University of Rijeka.Search in Google Scholar

Zrcadlo člověčieho spasenie from Krumlov miscellany (ca. 1420), National Museum Library in Prague (Knihovna Národního muzea v Praze), sign. III B 10, available on Manuscritorium: http://www.manuscriptorium.com/apps/main/en/index.php?request=show_tei_digidoc&virtnum=1&client=. Accessed: 10. 9. 2015.Search in Google Scholar

Nejedlý, Petr. Knihy, jenž slovú Zrcadlo člověčieho spasenie, rukopis K.Search in Google Scholar

http://vokabular.ujc.cas.cz/moduly/edicni/edice/539c1c9b-c50f-49ae-a0ee-3c12319a23a2/plny-text/s-aparatem/folio/1. Accessed: 10. 9. 2015.Search in Google Scholar

Patera, Adolf. 1887. Musejní zbytky staročeského “Zrcadla člověčieho spasenie” ze XIV. století. Časopis Českého muzea 61. 464–481.Search in Google Scholar

Patera, Adolf 1890. Nově nalezený zbytek staročeského “Zrcadla člověčieho spasenie” ze XIV. století. Časopis Českého muzea 64. 455–459.Search in Google Scholar

Lutz, Jules & Paul Perdrizet. 1907. Speculum humanae salvationis (translated by Jean Miellot (1448)), Die Quellen des Speculums und seine Bedeutung in der Ikonographie besonders in der elsässischen Kunst des XIV. Jahrhunderts, Band I., Leipzig.Search in Google Scholar

References

[AR:]. 1880–1976. Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika. I-XXIII, Zagreb: JAZU.Search in Google Scholar

Adamičová, Ana. 2007. Tuđice i turcizmi u romanu Omerpaša Latas Ive Andrića i njihov prevod na češki. Universitas Carolina Praga Facultas Philosophia, Acta Slavica et Baltica, Balto-Slavicum Pragense VII, UK v Praze – FF.Search in Google Scholar

Barbarić, Tadija. 2015. Nastajanje i jezično oblikovanje hrvatskih lekcionara u 15. i 16. stoljeću [The genesis and linguistic formation of Croatian lectionaries in the 15th and 16th century]. Ph.D dissertation, University of Zagreb.Search in Google Scholar

Bassnet, Susan. 2002. Translation studies. Third edition. London & New York: Routlege.Search in Google Scholar

Bratulić, Josip, Stjepan Damjanović, Anđela Frančić, Boris Kuzmić, Josip Lisac, Ranko Matasović, Milan Mihaljević & Mateo Žagar. 2009. Povijest hrvatskoga jezika. 1. knjiga: Srednji vijek. Zagreb: Croatica.Search in Google Scholar

Brčak, Marek, Dalibor Dobiáš, Michal Dragoun, Martina Jamborová, Matěj Měřičká & Kateřina Voleková. 2014. Rukopisné zlomky Knihovny Národního Muzea, Signatura 1 A. Praha: Scriptorium Narodní Muzeum.Search in Google Scholar

Brodský, Pavel. 2000. Katalog iluminovaných rukopisů Knihovny Národního Muzea. Praha: KLP.Search in Google Scholar

Catford, John Cunnison. 1978. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. Oxford: University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Čermák, Václav. 2014. Církevněslovanské písemnictví Slovanského kláštera v Praze. In P. Kouřil a kol. (ed.) CYRILOMETODĚJSKÁ MISIE A EVROPA – 1150 let od příchodu soluňských bratří na Velkou Moravu, Archeologicky ustav Akademie věd ČR, Brno, v. v. i., Brno 2014.Search in Google Scholar

Črnčić, Ivan. 1873. Brojevna vrijednost slova ju. Rad JAZU XXIII (1873). 18–23.Search in Google Scholar

Filipović, Rudolf. 1986. Teorija jezika u kontaktu: Uvod u lingvistiku jezičnih dodira. Zagreb: JAZU.Search in Google Scholar

Folena, Gianfranco. 1991. Volgarizzare e tradure. Torino: Einaudi.Search in Google Scholar

Gebauer, Jan. 1903. Slovník staročeský, Díl první A – J. Praha. (=Nakladem České grafické společnosti »Unie«, vydávají Česká Akademie císare Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění a Česká grafická společnosti »Unie«).Search in Google Scholar

Hamm, Josip. 1958. Staroslavenska gramatika. Zagreb: Školska knjiga.Search in Google Scholar

Hamm, Josip. 1963. Hrvatski tip crkvenoslavenskog jezika. Slovo: časopis Staroslavenskog instituta 13. 43–67.Search in Google Scholar

Hercigonja, Eduard. 1983. Nad iskonom hrvatske knjige, Rasprave o hrvatskom srednjovjekovlju. Zagreb: Liber.Search in Google Scholar

Ivir, Vladimir. 1992. Lingvistička sastavnica teorije prevođenja. Suvremena lingvistika 34. 93–101.Search in Google Scholar

Ivšić, Stjepan. 1922–1923. Dosad nepoznati hrvatski glagolski prijevodi iz staročeškoga jezika. Slavia I. 38–63, 285–301.Search in Google Scholar

Ivšić, Stjepan. 1927–1928. Još o dosad nepoznatim hrvatskim glagolskim prijevoda iz staročeškoga jezika. Slavia VI. 40–63.Search in Google Scholar

Ivšić, Stjepan. 1930. Sredovječna hrvatska glagolska književnost. Sveslavenski zbornikspomenica o tisućugodišnjici hrvatskoga kraljevstva. Zagreb: Zajednica slavenskih društava, 132–142.Search in Google Scholar

Kapetanović, Amir 2011. Čakavski hrvatski književni jezik. In: Povijest hrvatskoga jezika, 2. knjiga: 16. stoljeće, eds. akademik Radoslav Katičić and prof. dr. sc. Josip Lisac, Croatica, Zagreb, 77–125.Search in Google Scholar

Kolektiv oddělení pro dějiny českého jazyka ÚJČ ČSAV. 1973. K lexikálnímu výoji spisovného jazyka českého v době Karlově. Slovo a slovesnost 34. 129–133.Search in Google Scholar

Kramarić, Martina. 2010. Sjevernočakavske značajke u starohrvatskim prijevodima sa staročeškoga. Riječki filološki dani 8: zbornik radova s Međunarodnoga znanstvenog skupa Riječki filološki dani održanoga u Rijeci od 06. do 08. studenoga 2008., eds. prof. dr. sc. Lada Badurina, dr. sc. Danijela Bačić Karković, izv. prof., Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u Rijeci, Rijeka, 667‒678.Search in Google Scholar

Kramarić, Martina. 2012. Interpretacije emauske epizode u češkim i hrvatskim povijestima jezika i književnosti. Prolínání slovanských prostředí, eds. PhDr. Marcel Černý, Ph.D., Mgr. Kateřina Kedron, Ph.D., Ph.Dr. Marek Příhoda, Ph.D. Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy v Praze, Červený Kostelec / Praha, 97−107.Search in Google Scholar

Lennon, Paul 2008. Contrastive analysis, Error analysis, Interlanguage. In Stephan Gramley & Vivian Gramley (eds.), Bielefield Introduction to Applied Linguistics, 51–62. Aisthesis Verlag, Bielefeld.Search in Google Scholar

Levý, Jiří. 1957. České theorie překladu, Praha: SNKL.Search in Google Scholar

Luelsdorff, Philip A. 1986. Constraints on Error Variables in Grammar: Bilingual Misspelling Orthographies. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.10.1075/z.25Search in Google Scholar

Lujić, Božo. 2007. Lingvističke teorije prevođenja i novi hrvatski prijevod Biblije. Bogoslovna smotra 77. 59–102.Search in Google Scholar

Malić, Dragica. 2000. Novija zapažanja o srednjovjekovnoj hrvatskoj latinici. Filologija 34. 97–128.Search in Google Scholar

Malić, Dragica. 2002. Nacrt za Hrvatski rječnik do Marulića i njegovih suvremenika. Institut za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje, Zagreb.Search in Google Scholar

Mounin, George. 1999. Teoretické problémy překladu. Praha: Nakladatelství Karolinum.Search in Google Scholar

Muhvić Dimanovski, Vesna. 1992. Prevedenice – jedan oblik neologizama. Rad HAZU 446. 93–205.Search in Google Scholar

Nazor, Anica. 1963. Jezični kriteriji pri određivanju donje granice crkvenoslavenskog jezika u hrvatskoglagoljskim tekstovima (prilog diskusiji o problemima crkvenoslavenskog thesaurusa). Slovo: časopis Staroslavenskog instituta 13. 68–86.Search in Google Scholar

Reinhart, Johannes. 1980. Methodologisches zu den lexikalischen Bohemismen im Tschechischen-Kirchenslavischen am Beispiel der Homilien Gregors des Grossen. Wiener slavistisches Jahrbuch 26. 46–102.Search in Google Scholar

Reinhart, Johannes. 1986. Über den Ursprung des adjektivischen Wortbildungstypus -telъnь im Kroatisch-Kirchenslavischen. Wiener slavistisches Jahrbuch 32. 65−70.Search in Google Scholar

Reinhart, Johannes. 1996. Hrvatskoglagoljski zbornik Tomaša Petrinića iz god. 1503 (COD. VINDOB. SLAV. BR. 78). Croatica 42/43/44/. 391–421.Search in Google Scholar

Reinhart, Johannes. 1997. Zwischenslavische Übersetzungen im Mittelalter. Wiener slavistisches Jahrbuch 43. 189−203.Search in Google Scholar

Reinhart, Johannes. 1999. Husov Výklad desatera Božieho přikázanie u hrvatskoglagoljskom (starohrvatskom) prijevodu. Slovo 47–49. 221–254.Search in Google Scholar

Reinhart, Johannes. 2000. Jan Hus in der kroatisch-glagolitischen Literatur. In Heinz Miklas (ed.), Glagolitica, Zum Ursprung der slavischen Schriftkultur, 207–226. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.Search in Google Scholar

Reinhart, Johannes. 2000a. Husova Homilija na 13. nedjelju po Duhovima u hrvatskoglagoljskom prijevodu. Slovo 50. 119–190.Search in Google Scholar

Reinhart, Johannes. 2001. Staročeská literatura a slovanský jih: české překlady u charvátských hlaholitů (handout from the lecture held in Prague).Search in Google Scholar

Reinhart, Johannes. 2005. Výklad desatero Tomáše ze Štítného v starochorvatské literatuře (Berčić Frag. č. II/15r). Slavia : časopis pro slovanskou filologii 74 (2–3). 313–327.Search in Google Scholar

Rejzek, Jiří. 2001. Český etymologický slovník. Praha: Leda.Search in Google Scholar

Sočanac, Lidija. 2004. Hrvatsko-talijanski jezični dodiri s rječnikom talijanizama u standardnome hrvatskom jeziku i dubrovačkoj dramskoj književnosti. Zagreb: Nakladni zavod Globus.Search in Google Scholar

Štefanić, Vjekoslav. 1969. Glagoljski rukopis Jugoslavenske akademije, I. dio: uvod, Biblija, apokrifi i legende, liturgijski tekstovi, egzorcizmi i zapisi, molitvenici, teologija, crkveni govori, (homiletika), pjesme. Zagreb: JAZU.Search in Google Scholar

Štěrbová, Marketa. 1954. K otázce bohemik v charvátskohlaholském písemnictví. Studie a práce linguistické I (= Havránkův sborník), 376–384.Search in Google Scholar

Truhlář, Josef. 1884. Polozapomenutý rukopis. Časopis Českého muzea 58. 22–36.Search in Google Scholar

[RHJCR I., II.:] Rječnik crkvenoslavenskoga jezika hrvatske redakcije. (2000). Sv. I. Ur. Biserka Grabar et al. Zagreb: Staroslavenski institut. = Rječnik crkvenoslavenskoga jezika hrvatske redakcije (2001–2012). Sv. XI–XIX. Eds. Zoe Hauptová et al. Zagreb: Staroslavenski institute.Search in Google Scholar

[SJS:] Slovník jazyka staroslověnského = Lexicon linguae palaeslovenicae (1958–1997). Ed. Josef Kurz. Praha: Nakladatelství československé akademie věd.Search in Google Scholar

Vokabulář webový. http://vokabular.ujc.cas.cz/. Accessed: 10. 9. 2015.Search in Google Scholar

Weinreich, Uriel. 1968. Languages in Contact: Findings and Problems. The Hague, Paris & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.Search in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2016-6-1
Published in Print: 2016-6-1

© 2016 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 25.4.2024 from https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/slaw-2016-0017/html
Scroll to top button