Skip to content
Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by De Gruyter July 22, 2021

Innovative fouling-resistant materials for industrial heat exchangers: a review

  • Caroline Françolle de Almeida , Manon Saget , Guillaume Delaplace , Maude Jimenez , Vanessa Fierro and Alain Celzard ORCID logo EMAIL logo

Abstract

Fouling of heat exchangers (HEs) has become a major concern across the industrial sector. Fouling is an omnipresent phenomenon but is particularly prevalent in the dairy, oil, and energy industries. Reduced energy performance that results from fouling represents significant operating loss in terms of both maintenance and impact on product quality and safety. In most industries, cleaning or replacing HEs are currently the only viable solutions for controlling fouling. This review examines the latest advances in the development of innovative materials and coatings for HEs that could mitigate the need for costly and frequent cleaning and potentially extend their operational life. To better understand the correlation between surface properties and fouling occurrence, we begin by providing an overview of the main mechanisms underlying fouling. We then present selected key strategies, which can differ considerably, for developing antifouling surfaces and conclude by discussing the current trends in the search for ideal materials for a range of applications. In our presentation of all these aspects, emphasis is given wherever possible to the potential transfer of these innovative surfaces from the laboratory to the three industries most concerned by HE fouling problems: food, petrochemicals, and energy production.


Corresponding author: Alain Celzard, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, F-88000 Epinal, France, E-mail:

Award Identifier / Grant number: ECONOMICS, n°ANR-17-CE08-0032

Award Identifier / Grant number: TALiSMAN Project (2019-000214)

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: The authors wish to thank the ECONOMICS project (ANR-17-CE08-0032) for the financial support. CFDA, AC, and VF gratefully acknowledge the financial support from ERDF [TALiSMAN project (2019-000214)].

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

References

Adera, S., Raj, R., Enright, R., and Wang, E.N. (2013). Non-wetting droplets on hot superhydrophilic surfaces. Nat. Commun. 4: 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3518.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Adlhart, C., Verran, J., Azevedo, N.F., Olmez, H., Keinänen-Toivola, M.M., Gouveia, I., Melo, L.F., and Crijns, F. (2018). Surface modifications for antimicrobial effects in the healthcare setting: a critical overview. J. Hosp. Infect. 99: 239–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2018.01.018.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Ahn, H.S., Kim, K.M., Lim, S.T., Lee, C.H., Han, S.W., Choi, H., Koo, S., Kim, N., Jerng, D.W., and Wongwises, S. (2019). Anti-fouling performance of chevron plate heat exchanger by the surface modification. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 144: 118634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.118634.Search in Google Scholar

Akbarzadeh, K., Eskin, D., Ratulowski, J., and Taylor, S. (2012). Asphaltene deposition measurement and modeling for flow assurance of tubings and flow lines. Energy Fuels 495–510. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef2009474.Search in Google Scholar

Akkerman, M., Johansen, L.B., Rauh, V., Sørensen, J., Larsen, L.B., and Poulsen, N.A. (2020). Relationship between casein micelle size, protein composition and stability of UHT milk. Int. Dairy J. 112: 104856.10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104856Search in Google Scholar

Al-Janabi, A. and Malayeri, M.R. (2015). A criterion for the characterization of modified surfaces during crystallization fouling based on electron donor component of surface energy. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 100: 212–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2015.05.033.Search in Google Scholar

Al-Sabagh, A.M., Abdou, M.I., Migahed, M.A., Abd-Elwanees, S., Fadl, A.M., and Deiab, A. (2018). Investigations using potentiodynamic polarization measurements, cure durability, ultra violet immovability and abrasion resistance of polyamine cured ilmenite epoxy coating for oil and gas storage steel tanks in petroleum sector. Egypt. J. Pet. 27: 415–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2017.07.006.Search in Google Scholar

Albert, F., Augustin, W., and Scholl, S. (2011). Roughness and constriction effects on heat transfer in crystallization fouling. Chem. Eng. Sci. 66: 499–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2010.11.021.Search in Google Scholar

Alimohammadi, S., Zendehboudi, S., and James, L. (2019). A comprehensive review of asphaltene deposition in petroleum reservoirs: theory, challenges, and tips. Fuel 252: 753–791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.03.016.Search in Google Scholar

An, K., Long, C., Sui, Y., Qing, Y., Zhao, G., An, Z., Wang, L., and Liu, C. (2020). Large-scale preparation of superhydrophobic cerium dioxide nanocomposite coating with UV resistance, mechanical robustness, and anti-corrosion properties. Surf. Coat. Technol. 384: 125312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.125312.Search in Google Scholar

Asomaning, S., Panchal, C.B., and Liao, C.F. (2000). Correlating field and laboratory data for crude oil fouling. Heat Transf. Eng. 21: 17–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/014576300270861.Search in Google Scholar

Atta, A.M., Al-Hodan, H.A., Hameed, R.S.A., and Ezzat, A.O. (2017). Preparation of green cardanol-based epoxy and hardener as primer coatings for petroleum and gas steel in marine environment. Prog. Org. Coat. 111: 283–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2017.06.002.Search in Google Scholar

Awad, T.S., Asker, D., and Hatton, B.D. (2018). Food-safe modification of stainless steel food-processing surfaces to reduce bacterial biofilms. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10: 22902–22912. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b03788.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Awais, M. and Bhuiyan, A.A. (2019). Recent advancements in impedance of fouling resistance and particulate depositions in heat exchangers. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 141: 580–603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.07.011.Search in Google Scholar

Banerjee, I., Pangule, R.C., and Kane, R.S. (2011). Antifouling coatings: recent developments in the design of surfaces that prevent fouling by proteins, bacteria, and marine organisms. Adv. Mater. 23: 690–718. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201001215.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Bansal, B. and Chen, X.D. (2006). A critical review of milk fouling in heat exchangers. Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf. 5: 27–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2006.tb00080.x.Search in Google Scholar

Barish, J.A. and Goddard, J.M. (2013). Anti-fouling surface modified stainless steel for food processing. Food Bioprod. Process. 91: 352–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2013.01.003.Search in Google Scholar

Barletta, M., Aversa, C., Pizzi, E., Puopolo, M., and Vesco, S. (2018). Design, manufacturing and testing of anti-fouling/foul-release (AF/FR) amphiphilic coatings. Prog. Org. Coat. 123: 267–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2018.07.016.Search in Google Scholar

Bayat, M., Aminian, J., Bazmi, M., Shahhosseini, S., and Sharifi, K. (2012). CFD modeling of fouling in crude oil pre-heaters. Energy Convers. Manag. 64: 344–350.10.1016/j.enconman.2012.05.003Search in Google Scholar

Behranvand, E., Mozdianfard, M.R., Diaz-Bejarano, E., Coletti, F., Orzlowski, P., and Macchietto, S. (2018). A comprehensive investigation of refinery preheaters foulant samples originated by heavy crude oil fractions as heating fluids. Fuel 224: 529–536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.03.077.Search in Google Scholar

Bennett, H.A. (2007). Aspects of fouling in dairy processing, Ph.D. thesis. Palmerston North, Massey University.Search in Google Scholar

Bennett, S.M., Finlay, J.A., Gunari, N., Wells, D.D., Meyer, A.E., Walker, G.C., Callow, M.E., Callow, J.A., Bright, F.V., and Detty, M.R. (2009). The role of surface energy and water wettability in aminoalkyl/fluorocarbon/hydrocarbon-modified xerogel surfaces in the control of marine biofouling. Biofouling 26: 235–246. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927010903469676.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Bensaude-Vincent, B., Arribart, H., Bouligand, Y., and Sanchez, C. (2002). Chemists and the school of nature. New J. Chem. 26: 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1039/b108504m.Search in Google Scholar

Bischoff, C., Losada, R., Poulsen, T., Jackowski, L., and Taylor, S. (2018). Development of thin sol-gel coatings for heat exchanger fouling mitigation at elevated temperatures. In: Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning XII - 2017, Madrid, Spain, pp. 163–166. ISBN: 978-0-9984188-0-3.Search in Google Scholar

Bogacz, W., Lemanowicz, M., Al-Rashed, M.H., Nakonieczny, D., Piotrowski, T., and Wójcik, J. (2017). Impact of roughness, wettability and hydrodynamic conditions on the incrustation on stainless steel surfaces. Appl. Therm. Eng. 112: 352–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.10.076.Search in Google Scholar

Bott, T.R. (1995a). Basic principles. In: Fouling of heat exchangers. Elsevier, New York, pp. 7–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-044482186-7/50004-x.Search in Google Scholar

Bott, T.R. (1995b). Fouling of heat exchangers, heat exchanger cleaning. Elsevier, New York, pp. 23–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-044482186-7/50006-3.Search in Google Scholar

Boxler, C., Augustin, W., and Scholl, S. (2013). Fouling of milk components on DLC coated surfaces at pasteurization and UHT temperatures. Food Bioprod. Process. 91: 336–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2012.11.012.Search in Google Scholar

Boxler, C., Augustin, W., and Scholl, S. (2014). Influence of surface modification on the composition of a calcium phosphate-rich whey protein deposit in a plate heat exchanger. Dairy Sci. Technol. 94: 17–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13594-013-0142-5.Search in Google Scholar

Brady, R.F. and Singer, I.L. (2000). Mechanical factors favoring release from fouling release coatings. Biofouling 15: 73–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927010009386299.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Brizzolara, R.A., Nordham, D.J., Walch, M., Lennen, R.M., Simmons, R., Burnett, E., and Mazzola, M.S. (2003). Non-chemical biofouling control in heat exchangers and seawater piping systems using acoustic pulses generated by an electrical discharge. Biofouling 19: 19–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/0892701021000060842.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Bruzaud, J., Tarrade, J., Celia, E., Darmanin, T., Taffin de Givenchy, E., Guittard, F., Herry, J.M., Guilbaud, M., and Bellon-Fontaine, M.N. (2017). The design of superhydrophobic stainless steel surfaces by controlling nanostructures: a key parameter to reduce the implantation of pathogenic bacteria. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 73: 40–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2016.11.115.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Cassie, A.B.D. and Baxter, S. (1944). Wettability of porous surfaces. Trans. Faraday Soc. 40: 546–551. https://doi.org/10.1039/tf9444000546.Search in Google Scholar

Charpentier, T.V.J., Neville, A., Baudin, S., Smith, M.J., Euvrard, M., Bell, A., Wang, C., and Barker, R. (2015). Liquid infused porous surfaces for mineral fouling mitigation. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 444: 81–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2014.12.043.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Chen, R., Xie, Q., Zeng, H., Ma, C., and Zhang, G. (2020). Non-elastic glassy coating with fouling release and resistance abilities. J. Mater. Chem. A 8: 380–387. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta09794e.Search in Google Scholar

Chen, X., Wen, S.F., Feng, T., and Yuan, X. (2019). High solids organic-inorganic hybrid coatings based on silicone-epoxy-silica coating with improved anticorrosion performance for AA2024 protection. Prog. Org. Coat. 139: 105374.10.1016/j.porgcoat.2019.105374Search in Google Scholar

Cheng, Y.H., Chen, H.Y., Zhu, Z.C., Jen, T.C., and Peng, Y.X. (2014). Experimental study on the anti-fouling effects of Ni-Cu-P-PTFE deposit surface of heat exchangers. Appl. Therm. Eng. 68: 20–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.04.003.Search in Google Scholar

Christiensen, A.B., Jensen, A.H., Nilsson, M., and Santos, O. (2017). Thin ceramic coatings and their suitability towards scale reduction in heat exchangers – TechConnect briefs. TechConnect Adv. 1: 274–278.Search in Google Scholar

Ciriminna, R., Bright, F.V., and Pagliaro, M. (2015). Ecofriendly antifouling marine coatings. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 3: 559–565. https://doi.org/10.1021/sc500845n.Search in Google Scholar

Coetser, S.E. and Cloete, T.E. (2005). Biofouling and biocorrosion in industrial water systems. Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 31: 213–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408410500304074.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Coletti, F., Crittenden, B.D., and Macchietto, S. (2015a). Basic science of the fouling process. In: Crude oil fouling: deposit characterization, measurements, and modeling. Elsevier, pp. 23–50.10.1016/B978-0-12-801256-7.00002-6Search in Google Scholar

Coletti, F., Joshi, H.M., Macchietto, S., and Hewitt, G.F. (2015b). Introduction. In: Crude oil fouling: deposit characterization, measurements, and modeling. Elsevier, pp. 1–22.10.1016/B978-0-12-801256-7.00001-4Search in Google Scholar

Cremaldi, J., and Bhushan, B. (2018). Fabrication of bioinspired, self-cleaning superliquiphilic/phobic stainless steel using different pathways. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 518: 284–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2018.02.034.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Daniel, D., Mankin, M.N., Belisle, R.A., Wong, T.S., and Aizenberg, J. (2013). Lubricant-infused micro/nano-structured surfaces with tunable dynamic omniphobicity at high temperatures. Appl. Phys. Lett. 102: 231603. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4810907.Search in Google Scholar

Delplace, F., Leuliet, J.C., and Levieux, D. (1997). A reaction engineering approach to the analysis of fouling by whey proteins of a six-channels-per-pass plate heat exchanger. J. Food Eng. 34: 91–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0260-8774(97)00068-x.Search in Google Scholar

Deshannavar, U.B. and Ramasamy, M. (2019). A model to determine maximum heat flux under forced convective heat transfer regime for crude oil fouling studies. Appl. Therm. Eng. 156: 485–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.04.091.Search in Google Scholar

de Wit, J.N. (2009). Thermal behaviour of bovine β-lactoglobulin at temperatures up to 150 °C. a review. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 20: 27–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2008.09.012.Search in Google Scholar

Dowling, D.P., Nwankire, C.E., Riihimäki, M., Keiski, R., and Nylén, U. (2010). Evaluation of the anti-fouling properties of nm thick atmospheric plasma deposited coatings. Surf. Coat. Technol. 205: 1544–1551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.10.010.Search in Google Scholar

Drelich, J., Chibowski, E., Meng, D.D., and Terpilowski, K. (2011). Hydrophilic and superhydrophilic surfaces and materials. Soft Matter 7: 9804–9828. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1sm05849e.Search in Google Scholar

Eguía, E., Trueba, A., Río-Calonge, B., Girón, A., and Bielva, C. (2008). Biofilm control in tubular heat exchangers refrigerated by seawater using flow inversion physical treatment. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 62: 79–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2007.12.004.Search in Google Scholar

Epstein, N. (1983). Thinking about heat transfer fouling: a 5 × 5 matrix. Heat Transf. Eng. 4: 43–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/01457638108939594.Search in Google Scholar

Epstein, N. (1988). In: Melo, L. F., et al.. (Eds.), Fouling science and technology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Amsterdam, pp. 143–164.10.1007/978-94-009-2813-8_10Search in Google Scholar

Fadhil, A.A., Khadom, A.A., Fu, C., Liu, H., Mahood, H.B., Mahmoud, A.K., Khalaf, M.Z., and Karim, A.M.em A. (2020). Ceramics coating materials for corrosion control of crude oil distillation column: experimental and theoretical studies. Corros. Sci. 162: 108220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2019.108220.Search in Google Scholar

Faille, C., Membre, J.M., Tissier, J.P., Bellon-Fontaine, M.N., Carpentier, B., Laroche, M.A., and Benezech, T. (2000). Influence of physicochemical properties on the hygienic status of stainless steel with various finishes. Biofouling 15: 261–274. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927010009386317.Search in Google Scholar

Fan, Y., He, Y., Luo, P., Chen, X., and Liu, B. (2016). A facile electrodeposition process to fabricate corrosion-resistant superhydrophobic surface on carbon steel. Appl. Surf. Sci. 368: 435–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.01.252.Search in Google Scholar

FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius (2010). Milk and milk products, 2nd ed. FAO, Quebec city.Search in Google Scholar

Feng, L., Zhang, Y., Xi, J., Zhu, Y., Wang, N., Xia, F., and Jiang, L. (2008). Petal effect: a superhydrophobic state with high adhesive force. Langmuir 24: 4114–4119. https://doi.org/10.1021/la703821h.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Fowkes, F.M. (1964). Attractive forces at interfaces. Ind. Eng. Chem. 56: 40–52. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50660a008.Search in Google Scholar

Friis, J.E., Subbiahdoss, G., Gerved, G., Holm, A.H., Santos, O., Blichfeld, A.B., Moghaddam, S.Z., Thormann, E., Daasbjerg, K., Iruthayaraj, J., et al.. (2019). Evaluation of surface-initiated polymer brush as anti-scaling coating for plate heat exchangers. Prog. Org. Coat. 136: 105196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2019.06.042.Search in Google Scholar

Frota, M.N., Hernández-Vásquez, J.D., Castro-Pacheco, E.R., Germano, S.B., and Barreto, J.T. (2019). Enhancing the effectiveness of hydro generator heat exchangers through. Proceedings of the Heat Exchanger Fouling Cleaning, pp. 1–11.Search in Google Scholar

Frota, M.N., Ticona, E.M., Neves, A.V., Marques, R.P., Braga, S.L., and Valente, G. (2014). On-line cleaning technique for mitigation of biofouling in heat exchangers: a case study of a hydroelectric power plant in Brazil. Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 53: 197–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2013.12.006.Search in Google Scholar

Georgiadis, M.C. and Macchietto, S. (2000). Dynamic modelling and simulation of plate heat exchangers under milk fouling. Chem. Eng. Sci. 55: 1605–1619. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2509(99)00429-7.Search in Google Scholar

Geraldi, N.R., Guan, J.H., Dodd, L.E., Maiello, P., Xu, B.B., Wood, D., Newton, M.I., Wells, G.G., and McHale, G. (2019). Double-sided slippery liquid-infused porous materials using conformable mesh. Sci. Rep. 9: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49887-3.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Ghaffari, S., Aliofkhazraei, M., Barati Darband, G., Zakeri, A., and Ahmadi, E. (2019). Review of superoleophobic surfaces: evaluation, fabrication methods, and industrial applications. Surf. Interfaces 17: 1–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2019.100340.Search in Google Scholar

Gharbi, K., Benyounes, K., and Khodja, M. (2017). Removal and prevention of asphaltene deposition during oil production: a literature review. J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 158: 351–360, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2017.08.062.Search in Google Scholar

Girard, H.L., Bourrianne, P., Yeganeh, M., Cohen, R.E., McKinley, G.H., and Varanasi, K.K. (2020). Lubricant-impregnated surfaces for mitigating asphaltene deposition. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12: 28750–28758. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c03967.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Gomes Da Cruz, L., Ishiyama, E.M., Boxler, C., Augustin, W., Scholl, S., and Wilson, D.I. (2015). Value pricing of surface coatings for mitigating heat exchanger fouling. Food Bioprod. Process. 93: 343–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2014.05.003.Search in Google Scholar

Goujon, C., Pauporté, T., Bescond, A., Mansour, C., Delaunay, S., and Bretelle, J.L. (2017). Effects of curative and preventive chemical cleaning processes on fouled steam generator tubes in nuclear power plants. Nucl. Eng. Des. 323: 120–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2017.07.022.Search in Google Scholar

Gu, Y., Bouvier, L., Tonda, A., and Delaplace, G. (2019). A mathematical model for the prediction of the whey protein fouling mass in a pilot scale plate heat exchanger. Food Contr. 106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106729.Search in Google Scholar

Guazzelli, E., Galli, G., Martinelli, E., Margaillan, A., and Bressy, C. (2020). Amphiphilic hydrolyzable polydimethylsiloxane-b-poly(ethyleneglycol methacrylate-co-trialkylsilyl methacrylate) block copolymers for marine coatings. I. Synthesis, hydrolysis and surface wettability. Polymer (Guildf). 186: 121954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121954.Search in Google Scholar

Gulfam, R. and Zhang, P. (2019). Power generation and longevity improvement of renewable energy systems via slippery surfaces: a review. Renew. Energy 143: 922–938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.05.055.Search in Google Scholar

Hagsten, C., Altskär, A., Gustafsson, S., Lorén, N., Hamberg, L., Innings, F., Paulsson, M., and Nylander, T. (2016). Composition and structure of high temperature dairy fouling. Food Struct. 7: 13–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foostr.2015.12.002.Search in Google Scholar

Hagsten, C., Altskär, A., Gustafsson, S., Lorén, N., Trägårdh, C., Innings, F., Hamberg, L., Paulsson, M., and Nylander, T. (2019a). Structural and compositional changes during UHT fouling removal-possible mechanisms of the cleaning process. Food Struct. 21: 100118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foostr.2019.100118.Search in Google Scholar

Hagsten, C., Innings, F., Trägårdh, C., Hamberg, L., Paulsson, M., and Nylander, T. (2019b). Removal of UHT dairy fouling: an efficient cleaning process by optimizing the rate controlling alkaline cleaning step. Food Bioprod. Process. 113: 101–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2018.11.010.Search in Google Scholar

Harche, R., Absi, R., and Mouheb, A. (2014). Study of the fouling deposit in the heat exchangers of Algiers refinery. Int. J. Ind. Chem. 5: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40090-014-0016-6.Search in Google Scholar

Haug, A., Høstmark, A.T., and Harstad, O.M. (2007). Bovine milk in human nutrition--a review. Lipids Health Dis. 6: 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-511x-6-25.Search in Google Scholar

Hawkins, M.L., Schott, S.S., Grigoryan, B., Rufin, M.A., Ngo, B.K.D., Vanderwal, L., Stafslien, S.J., and Grunlan, M.A. (2017). Anti-protein and anti-bacterial behavior of amphiphilic silicones. Polym. Chem. 8: 5239–5251. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7py00944e.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

He, X., Cao, P., Tian, F., Bai, X., and Yuan, C. (2019). Infused configurations induced by structures influence stability and antifouling performance of biomimetic lubricant-infused surfaces. Surf. Coat. Technol. 358: 159–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.11.035.Search in Google Scholar

Hebishy, E., Joubran, Y., Murphy, E., and O’Mahony, J.A. (2019). Influence of calcium-binding salts on heat stability and fouling of whey protein isolate dispersions. Int. Dairy J. 91: 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.12.003.Search in Google Scholar

Heinonen, S., Huttunen-Saarivirta, E., Nikkanen, J.P., Raulio, M., Priha, O., Laakso, J., Storgårds, E., and Levänen, E. (2014). Antibacterial properties and chemical stability of superhydrophobic silver-containing surface produced by sol-gel route. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 453: 149–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.04.037.Search in Google Scholar

Henry, C., Minier, J.P., and Lefèvre, G. (2012). Towards a description of particulate fouling: from single particle deposition to clogging. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 185: 34–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2012.10.001.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Hjalmars, A. (2014). Biofouling on plate heat exchangers and the impact of advanced oxidizing technology and ultrasound, MSc thesis. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Stockholm.Search in Google Scholar

Holberg, S. and Bischoff, C. (2014). Application of a repellent urea-siloxane hybrid coating in the oil industry. Prog. Org. Coat. 77: 1591–1595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2013.10.019.Search in Google Scholar

Holberg, S., Losada, R., Blaikie, F.H., Hansen, H.H.W.B., Soreau, S., and Onderwater, R.C.A. (2020). Hydrophilic silicone coatings as fouling release: simple synthesis, comparison to commercial, marine coatings and application on fresh water-cooled heat exchangers. Mater. Today Commun. 22: 100750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2019.100750.Search in Google Scholar

Hotrum, N.E., De Jong, P., Akkerman, J.C., and Fox, M.B. (2015). Pilot scale ultrasound enabled plate heat exchanger-its design and potential to prevent biofouling. J. Food Eng. 153: 81–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.11.026.Search in Google Scholar

Hu, P., Xie, Q., Ma, C., and Zhang, G. (2020). Silicone-based fouling-release coatings for marine antifouling. Langmuir 36: 2170–2183. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03926.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Huo, J., Xiao, J., Kirk, T.V., and Chen, X.D. (2019). Effects of Fluorolink® S10 surface coating on WPC fouling of stainless steel surfaces and subsequent cleaning. Food Bioprod. Process. 118: 130–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2019.09.005.Search in Google Scholar

Hwang, G., Lee, C.H., Ahn, I.S., and Mhin, B.J. (2010). Analysis of the adhesion of Pseudomonas putida NCIB 9816-4 to a silica gel as a model soil using extended DLVO theory. J. Hazard Mater. 179: 983–988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.03.101.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Jackowski, L., Lam, T.Y., Rogel, E., Bennett, C.A., Hench, K., Taylor, S., and Swangphol, T. (2017). Industrial perspective on fouling research - fouling mitigation through modifications of heat transfer surfaces. In: Heat exchanger fouling and cleaning, pp. 119–126.Search in Google Scholar

Jeurnink, T., Walstra, P., and De Kruif, C. (1996). Mechanisms of fouling in dairy processing. Ned. melk en Zuiveltijdschr. 50: 407–426.Search in Google Scholar

Jiang, W., He, J., Xiao, F., Yuan, S., Lu, H., and Liang, B. (2015). Preparation and antiscaling application of superhydrophobic anodized CuO nanowire surfaces. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 54: 6874–6883. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5b00444.Search in Google Scholar

Jiang, Y., Lian, J., Jiang, Z., Li, Y., and Wen, C. (2020). Thermodynamic analysis on wetting states and wetting state transitions of rough surfaces. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 278: 102136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2020.102136.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Jimenez, M., Hamze, H., Allion, A., Ronse, G., Delaplace, G., and Traisnel, M. (2012). Antifouling stainless steel surface: competition between roughness and surface energy. In: Materials science forum. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., Bäch, pp. 2523–2528.10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.706-709.2523Search in Google Scholar

Jimenez, M., Delaplace, G., Nuns, N., Bellayer, S., Deresmes, D., Ronse, G., Alogaili, G., Collinet-Fressancourt, M., and Traisnel, M. (2013). Toward the understanding of the interfacial dairy fouling deposition and growth mechanisms at a stainless steel surface: a multiscale approach. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 404: 192–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2013.04.021.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Jing, X. and Guo, Z. (2019). Fabrication of biocompatible super stable lubricant-immobilized slippery surfaces by grafting a polydimethylsiloxane brush: excellent boiling water resistance, hot liquid repellency and long-term slippery stability. Nanoscale 11: 8870–8881. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nr01556f.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Joanna, P.S., Tandecka, K., and Jakubowski, M. (2016). An analysis of milk fouling formed during heat treatment on a stainless steel surface with different degrees of roughness. Czech J. Food Sci. 34: 271–279. https://doi.org/10.17221/466/2015-cjfs.Search in Google Scholar

Kananeh, A.B., Scharnbeck, E., Kück, U.D., and Räbiger, N. (2010). Reduction of milk fouling inside gasketed plate heat exchanger using nano-coatings. Food Bioprod. Process. 88: 349–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2010.09.010.Search in Google Scholar

Karabelas, A.J. (2002). Scale formation in tubular heat exchangers-research priorities. Int. J. Therm. Sci. 41: 682–692.10.1016/S1290-0729(02)01363-7Search in Google Scholar

Kazi, S.N. (2018). Fouling and fouling mitigation of calcium compounds on heat exchangers by novel colloids and surface modifications. Rev. Chem. Eng. 36: 653–685.10.1515/revce-2017-0076Search in Google Scholar

Kazi, S.N., Teng, K.H., Zakaria, M.S., Sadeghinezhad, E., and Bakar, M.A. (2015). Study of mineral fouling mitigation on heat exchanger surface. Desalination 367: 248–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2015.04.011.Search in Google Scholar

Kern, D.Q. and Seaton, R.E. (1959). A theoretical analysis of thermal surface fouling. Br. Chem. Eng. 4: 258–262.Search in Google Scholar

Khaldi, M., Blanpain-Avet, P., Guérin, R., Ronse, G., Bouvier, L., André, C., Bornaz, S., Croguennec, T., Jeantet, R., and Delaplace, G. (2015). Effect of calcium content and flow regime on whey protein fouling and cleaning in a plate heat exchanger. J. Food Eng. 147: 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.09.020.Search in Google Scholar

Khaldi, M., Croguennec, T., André, C., Ronse, G., Jimenez, M., Bellayer, S., Blanpain-Avet, P., Bouvier, L., Six, T., Bornaz, S., et al.. (2018). Effect of the calcium/protein molar ratio on β-lactoglobulin denaturation kinetics and fouling phenomena. Int. Dairy J. 78: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2017.10.002.Search in Google Scholar

Kim, J.H., Mirzaei, A., Kim, H.W., and Kim, S.S. (2018). Facile fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces from austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304) by chemical etching. Appl. Surf. Sci. 439: 598–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.12.211.Search in Google Scholar

Kim, P., Kreder, M.J., Alvarenga, J., and Aizenberg, J. (2013). Hierarchical or not? Effect of the length scale and hierarchy of the surface roughness on omniphobicity of lubricant-infused substrates. Nano Lett. 13: 1793–1799. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl4003969.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Kobayashi, M., Terayama, Y., Yamaguchi, H., Terada, M., Murakami, D., Ishihara, K., and Takahara, A. (2012). Wettability and antifouling behavior on the surfaces of superhydrophilic polymer brushes. Langmuir 28: 7212–7222. https://doi.org/10.1021/la301033h.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Koc, Y., De Mello, A.J., McHale, G., Newton, M.I., Roach, P., and Shirtcliffe, N.J. (2008). Nano-scale superhydrophobicity: suppression of protein adsorption and promotion of flow-induced detachment. Lab Chip 8: 582–586. https://doi.org/10.1039/b716509a.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Koch, K., Blecher, I.C., König, G., Kehraus, S., and Barthlott, W. (2009). The superhydrophilic and superoleophilic leaf surface of Ruellia devosiana (Acanthaceae): a biological model for spreading of water and oil on surfaces. Funct. Plant Biol. 36: 339. https://doi.org/10.1071/fp08295.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Lafuma, A. and Quéré, D. (2003). Superhydrophobic states. Nat. Mater. 2: 457–460. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat924.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Lavieja, C., Oriol, L., and Peña, J.I. (2018). Creation of superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces on ABS employing a nanosecond laser. Materials (Basel) 11: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11122547.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Lejars, M., Margaillan, A., and Bressy, C. (2012). Fouling release coatings: a nontoxic alternative to biocidal antifouling coatings. Chem. Rev. 112: 4347–4390. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr200350v.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Leonardi, A.K. and Ober, C.K. (2019). Polymer-based marine antifouling and fouling release surfaces: strategies for synthesis and modification. Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng. 10: 241–264. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060718-030401.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Li, H., Yu, S., Han, X., and Zhao, Y. (2016). A stable hierarchical superhydrophobic coating on pipeline steel surface with self-cleaning, anticorrosion, and anti-scaling properties. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 503: 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.05.029.Search in Google Scholar

Li, H., Yu, S., Hu, J., and Yin, X. (2019a). Modifier-free fabrication of durable superhydrophobic electrodeposited Cu-Zn coating on steel substrate with self-cleaning, anti-corrosion and anti-scaling properties. Appl. Surf. Sci. 481: 872–882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.03.123.Search in Google Scholar

Li, Q. and Guo, Z. (2019). Lubricant-infused slippery surfaces: facile fabrication, unique liquid repellence and antireflective properties. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 536: 507–515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2018.10.083.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Li, S., Liu, Y., Zheng, Z., Liu, X., Huang, H., Han, Z., and Ren, L. (2019b). Biomimetic robust superhydrophobic stainless-steel surfaces with antimicrobial activity and molecular dynamics simulation. Chem. Eng. J. 372: 852–861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.04.200.Search in Google Scholar

Liang, W., Zhu, L., Li, W., Yang, X., Xu, C., and Liu, H. (2015). Bioinspired composite coating with extreme underwater superoleophobicity and good stability for wax prevention in the petroleum industry. Langmuir 31: 11058–11066. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03234.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Liu, W., Chen, X.D., Jeantet, R., André, C., Bellayer, S., and Delaplace, G. (2020a). Effect of casein/whey ratio on the thermal denaturation of whey proteins and subsequent fouling in a plate heat exchanger. J. Food Eng. 289: 110175.10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.110175Search in Google Scholar

Liu, D.Z., Jindal, S., Amamcharla, J., Anand, S., and Metzger, L. (2017a). Short communication: evaluation of a sol-gel–based stainless steel surface modification to reduce fouling and biofilm formation during pasteurization of milk. J. Dairy Sci. 100: 2577–2581. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-12141.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Liu, Y., Li, S., Zhang, J., Wang, Y., Han, Z., and Ren, L. (2014). Fabrication of biomimetic superhydrophobic surface with controlled adhesion by electrodeposition. Chem. Eng. J. 248: 440–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.03.046.Search in Google Scholar

Liu, K., Tian, Y., and Jiang, L. (2013). Bio-inspired superoleophobic and smart materials: design, fabrication, and application. Prog. Mater. Sci. 58: 503–564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2012.11.001.Search in Google Scholar

Liu, M., Wang, S., and Jiang, L. (2017b). Nature-inspired superwettability systems. Nat. Rev. Mater. 2: 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2017.36.Search in Google Scholar

Liu, J., Wiese, H., Augustin, W., Scholl, S., and Böl, M. (2020b). Mechanical comparison of milk and whey protein isolate fouling deposits using indentation testings. Food Bioprod. Process. 122: 145–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2020.03.007.Search in Google Scholar

Liu, W.D., Zhang, Y.H., Fang, L.F., Zhu, B.K., and Zhu, L.P. (2012). Antifouling properties of poly(vinyl chloride) membranes modified by amphiphilic copolymers P(MMA-b-MAA). Chin. J. Polym. Sci. (English ed.) 30: 568–577. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-012-1153-z.Search in Google Scholar

Liu, Y., Zou, Y., Zhao, L., Liu, W., and Cheng, L. (2011). Investigation of adhesion of CaCO3 crystalline fouling on stainless steel surfaces with different roughness. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf. 38: 730–733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2011.04.003.Search in Google Scholar

Lord, M.S., Foss, M., and Besenbacher, F. (2010). Influence of nanoscale surface topography on protein adsorption and cellular response. Nano Today 5: 66–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2010.01.001.Search in Google Scholar

Macchietto, S., Hewitt, G.F., Coletti, F., Crittenden, B.D., Dugwell, D.R., Galindo, A., Jackson, G., Kandiyoti, R., Kazarian, S.G., Luckham, P.F., et al.. (2011). Fouling in crude oil preheat trains: a systematic solution to an old problem. Heat Transf. Eng. 32: 197–215. https://doi.org/10.1080/01457632.2010.495579.Search in Google Scholar

Maddahian, R., Farsani, A.T., and Ghorbani, M. (2020). Numerical investigation of asphaltene fouling growth in crude oil preheat trains using multi-fluid approach. J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 188: 106879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2019.106879.Search in Google Scholar

Magens, O.M., Hofmans, J.F.A., Adriaenssens, Y., and Ian Wilson, D. (2019). Comparison of fouling of raw milk and whey protein solution on stainless steel and fluorocarbon coated surfaces: effects on fouling performance, deposit structure and composition. Chem. Eng. Sci. 195: 423–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2018.09.039.Search in Google Scholar

Mahato, B.K. and Shemilt, L.W. (1968). Effect of surface roughness on mass transfer. Chem. Eng. Sci. 23: 183–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(68)87061-7.Search in Google Scholar

Mahdi, Y., Mouheb, A., and Oufer, L. (2009). A dynamic model for milk fouling in a plate heat exchanger. Appl. Math. Model. 33: 648–662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2007.11.030.Search in Google Scholar

Manoharan, K. and Bhattacharya, S. (2019). Superhydrophobic surfaces review: functional application, fabrication techniques and limitations. J. Micromanufacturing 2: 59–78. https://doi.org/10.1177/2516598419836345.Search in Google Scholar

Masoudi, A., Irajizad, P., Farokhnia, N., Kashyap, V., and Ghasemi, H. (2017). Antiscaling magnetic slippery surfaces. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9: 21025–21033. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b05564.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Matjie, R., Zhang, S., Zhao, Q., Mabuza, N., and Bunt, J.R. (2016). Tailored surface energy of stainless steel plate coupons to reduce the adhesion of aluminium silicate deposit. Fuel 181: 573–578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.04.105.Search in Google Scholar

Mauermann, M., Eschenhagen, U., Bley, T., and Majschak, J.P. (2009). Surface modifications-application potential for the reduction of cleaning costs in the food processing industry. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 20: S9–S15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2009.01.020.Search in Google Scholar

Molena, E., Credi, C., De Marco, C., Levi, M., Turri, S., and Simeone, G. (2014). Protein antifouling and fouling-release in perfluoropolyether surfaces. Appl. Surf. Sci. 309: 160–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.04.211.Search in Google Scholar

Moradi, S., Amirjahadi, S., Danaee, I., and Soltani, B. (2019). Experimental investigation on application of industrial coatings for prevention of asphaltene deposition in the well-string. J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 181: 106095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2019.05.046.Search in Google Scholar

Moradi, S., Hadjesfandiari, N., Toosi, S.F., Kizhakkedathu, J.N., and Hatzikiriakos, S.G. (2016). Effect of extreme wettability on platelet adhesion on metallic implants: from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8: 17631–17641. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b03644.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Mozdianfard, M.R. and Behranvand, E. (2013). A field study of fouling in CDU preheaters at Esfahan refinery. Appl. Therm. Eng, 50: 908–917.10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.08.025Search in Google Scholar

Nakanishi, K., Sakiyama, T., and Imamura, K. (2001). On the adsorption of proteins on solid surfaces, a common but very complicated phenomenon. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 91: 233–244. https://doi.org/10.1263/jbb.91.233.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Neumann, A.W., Good, R.J., Hope, C.J., and Sejpal, M. (1974). An equation-of-state approach to determine surface tensions of low-energy solids from contact angles. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 49: 291–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(74)90365-8.Search in Google Scholar

Nikoo, A.H. and Malayeri, M.R. (2020). Incorporation of surface energy properties into general crystallization fouling model for heat transfer surfaces. Chem. Eng. Sci. 215: 115461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2019.115461.Search in Google Scholar

Nir, S. and Reches, M. (2016). Bio-inspired antifouling approaches: the quest towards non-toxic and non-biocidal materials. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 39: 48–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2015.12.012.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

O’Kennedy, B.T. and Mounsey, J.S. (2006). Control of heat-induced aggregation of whey proteins using casein. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54: 5637–5642.10.1021/jf0607866Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Oldani, V., Bianchi, C.L., Biella, S., Pirola, C., and Cattaneo, G. (2016a). Perfluoropolyethers coatings design for fouling reduction on heat transfer stainless-steel surfaces. Heat Transf. Eng. 37: 210–219. https://doi.org/10.1080/01457632.2015.1044417.Search in Google Scholar

Oldani, V., Sergi, G., Pirola, C., and Bianchi, C.L. (2016b). Use of a sol-gel hybrid coating composed by a fluoropolymer and silica for the mitigation of mineral fouling in heat exchangers. Appl. Therm. Eng. 106: 427–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.06.014.Search in Google Scholar

Olsen, S.M., Pedersen, L.T., Laursen, M.H., Kiil, S., and Dam-Johansen, K. (2007). Enzyme-based antifouling coatings: a review. Biofouling 23: 369–383. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927010701566384.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Otitoju, T.A., Ahmad, A.L., and Ooi, B.S. (2017). Superhydrophilic (superwetting) surfaces: a review on fabrication and application. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 47: 19–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2016.12.016.Search in Google Scholar

Ouyang, Y., Zhao, J., Qiu, R., Hu, S., Chen, M., and Wang, P. (2019a). Liquid-infused superhydrophobic dendritic silver matrix: a bio-inspired strategy to prohibit biofouling on titanium. Surf. Coat. Technol. 367: 148–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.03.067.Search in Google Scholar

Ouyang, Y., Zhao, J., Qiu, R., Hu, S., Niu, H., Chen, M., and Wang, P. (2019b). Biomimetics leading to liquid-infused surface based on vertical dendritic Co matrix: a barrier to inhibit bioadhesion and microbiologically induced corrosion. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 583: 124006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124006.Search in Google Scholar

Ouyang, Y., Zhao, J., Qiu, R., Shi, Z., Hu, S., Zhang, Y., Chen, M., and Wang, P. (2019c). Liquid infused surface based on hierarchical dendritic iron wire array: an exceptional barrier to prohibit biofouling and biocorrosion. Prog. Org. Coatings 136: 105216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2019.105216.Search in Google Scholar

Ouyang, Y., Zhao, J., Qiu, R., Hu, S., Niu, H., Zhang, Y., and Chen, M. (2020). Biomimetic partition structure infused by nano-compositing liquid to form bio-inspired self-healing surface for corrosion inhibition. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 583: 124730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124730.Search in Google Scholar

Owens, D.K. and Wendt, R.C. (1969). Estimation of the surface free energy of polymers. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 13: 1741–1747. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130815.Search in Google Scholar

Pan, Q., Cao, Y., Xue, W., Zhu, D., and Liu, W. (2019a). Picosecond laser-textured stainless steel superhydrophobic surface with an antibacterial adhesion property. Langmuir 35: 11414–11421. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01333.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Pan, F., Chen, X.D., Mercadé-Prieto, R., and Xiao, J. (2019b). Numerical simulation of milk fouling: taking fouling layer domain and localized surface reaction kinetics into account. Chem. Eng. Sci. 197: 306–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2018.12.021.Search in Google Scholar

Panchal, C.B. and Watkinson, A.P. (1993). Chemical reaction fouling model for single-phase heat transfer. In: 29th ASME/AIChE National heat transfer. Atlanta, pp. 323–334. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/10182774.Search in Google Scholar

Patel, J.S., Bansal, B., Jones, M.I., and Hyland, M. (2013). Fouling behaviour of milk and whey protein isolate solution on doped diamond-like carbon modified surfaces. J. Food Eng. 116: 413–421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.12.014.Search in Google Scholar

Patel, P., Choi, C.K., and Meng, D.D. (2010). Superhydrophilic surfaces for antifogging and antifouling microfluidic devices. J. Assoc. Lab. Autom. 15: 114–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jala.2009.10.012.Search in Google Scholar

Peng, Y., Wen, G., Gou, X., and Guo, Z. (2018). Bioinspired fish-scale-like stainless steel surfaces with robust underwater anti-crude-oil-fouling and self-cleaning properties. Sep. Purif. Technol. 202: 111–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2018.03.035.Search in Google Scholar

Petit, J., Herbig, A.L., Moreau, A., and Delaplace, G. (2011). Influence of calcium on β-lactoglobulin denaturation kinetics: implications in unfolding and aggregation mechanisms. J. Dairy Sci. 94: 5794–5810. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-4470.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Petit, J., Six, T., Moreau, A., Ronse, G., and Delaplace, G. (2013). β-lactoglobulin denaturation, aggregation, and fouling in a plate heat exchanger: pilot-scale experiments and dimensional analysis. Chem. Eng. Sci. 101: 432–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2013.06.045.Search in Google Scholar

Phinney, D.M., Feldman, A., and Heldman, D. (2017). Modeling high protein liquid beverage fouling during pilot scale ultra-high temperature (UHT) processing. Food Bioprod. Process. 106: 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2017.08.007.Search in Google Scholar

Pijáková, B., Klíma, M., Alberti, M., and Buršíková, V. (2016). Facile electrodeposition of superhydrophobic and oil-repellent thick layers on steel substrate. Mater. Lett. 184: 243–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2016.08.078.Search in Google Scholar

Plate Heat Exchanger (n.d.). WCR, Available at: http://www.wermac.org/equipment/plateheatexchanger.html (Accessed 9 August 20).Search in Google Scholar

Pou, P., del Val, J., Riveiro, A., Comesaña, R., Arias-González, F., Lusquiños, F., Bountinguiza, M., Quintero, F., and Pou, J. (2019). Laser texturing of stainless steel under different processing atmospheres: from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic surfaces. Appl. Surf. Sci. 475: 896–905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.12.248.Search in Google Scholar

Pu, H., Ding, G., Ma, X., Hu, H., and Gao, Y. (2009). Effects of biofouling on air-side heat transfer and pressure drop for finned tube heat exchangers. Int. J. Refrig. 32: 1032–1040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2008.10.007.Search in Google Scholar

Pugh, S., Ishiyama, E. (2015). Managing fouling in refinery networks. IHS Energy. Available at: https://www.digitalrefining.com/article/1001191/managing-fouling-in-refinery-networks#.X37Mmu06-dY (Accessed 10 August 20).Search in Google Scholar

Qian, H., Yang, J., Lou, Y., ur Rahman, O., Li, Z., Ding, X., Gao, J., Du, C., and Zhang, D. (2019). Mussel-inspired superhydrophilic surface with enhanced antimicrobial properties under immersed and atmospheric conditions. Appl. Surf. Sci. 465: 267–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.09.173.Search in Google Scholar

Qian, H., Zhu, M., Song, H., Wang, H., Liu, Z., and Wang, C. (2020). Anti-scaling of superhydrophobic poly(vinylidene fluoride) composite coating: tackling effect of carbon nanotubes. Prog. Org. Coat. 142: 105566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2020.105566.Search in Google Scholar

Qian, H., Zhu, Y., Wang, H., Song, H., Wang, C., Liu, Z., and Li, H. (2017). Preparation and antiscaling performance of auperhydrophobic poly(phenylene sulfide)/polytetrafluoroethylene composite coating. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 56: 12663–12671. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03975.Search in Google Scholar

Rabe, M., Verdes, D., and Seeger, S. (2011). Understanding protein adsorption phenomena at solid surfaces. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 162: 87–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2010.12.007.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Ramiasa, M., Ralston, J., Fetzer, R., and Sedev, R. (2014). The influence of topography on dynamic wetting. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 206: 275–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2013.04.005.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Ramirez-Corredores, M.M. (2017). Asphaltenes. In: The science and technology of unconventional oils. Elsevier, New York, pp. 41–222.10.1016/B978-0-12-801225-3.00002-4Search in Google Scholar

Rammerstorfer, E., Karner, T., and Siebenhofer, M. (2019). The kinetics and mechanisms of fouling in crude oil heat transfer. Heat Transf. Eng. 41: 691–707. https://doi.org/10.1080/01457632.2018.1564202.Search in Google Scholar

Rao, T.S. (2012). Microbial fouling and corrosion: fundamentals and mechanisms. In: Operational and environmental consequences of large industrial cooling water systems. Springer US, Berlin, pp. 95–126.10.1007/978-1-4614-1698-2_6Search in Google Scholar

Rao, T.S. (2015). Biofouling in industrial water systems. In: Mineral scales and deposits: scientific and technological approaches. Elsevier Inc., New York, pp. 123–140.10.1016/B978-0-444-63228-9.00006-1Search in Google Scholar

Rao, T.S., Kora, A.J., Chandramohan, P., Panigrahi, B.S., and Narasimhan, S.V. (2009). Biofouling and microbial corrosion problem in the thermo-fluid heat exchanger and cooling water system of a nuclear test reactor. Biofouling 25: 581–591. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927010903016543.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Rosmaninho, R. and Melo, L.F. (2008). Protein-calcium phosphate interactions in fouling of modified stainless-steel surfaces by simulated milk. Int. Dairy J. 18: 72–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2007.06.008.Search in Google Scholar

Rosmaninho, R., Santos, O., Nylander, T., Paulsson, M., Beuf, M., Benezech, T., Yiantsios, S., Andritsos, N., Karabelas, A., Rizzo, G., et al.. (2007). Modified stainless steel surfaces targeted to reduce fouling: evaluation of fouling by milk components. J. Food Eng. 80: 1176–1187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.09.008.Search in Google Scholar

Rubio, D., Casanueva, J.F., and Nebot, E. (2015). Assessment of the antifouling effect of five different treatment strategies on a seawater cooling system. Appl. Therm. Eng. 85: 124–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.03.080.Search in Google Scholar

Ruelo, M.T.G., Tijing, L.D., Amarjargal, A., Park, C.H., Kim, H.J., Pant, H.R., Lee, D.H., and Kim, C.S. (2013). Assessing the effect of catalytic materials on the scaling of carbon steel. Desalination 313: 189–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2012.12.023.Search in Google Scholar

Rufin, M.A., Gruetzner, J.A., Hurley, M.J., Hawkins, M.L., Raymond, E.S., Raymond, J.E., and Grunlan, M.A. (2015). Enhancing the protein resistance of silicone via surface-restructuring PEO-silane amphiphiles with variable PEO length. J. Mater. Chem. B 3: 2816–2825. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4tb02042a.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Rungraeng, N., Cho, Y.C., Yoon, S.H., and Jun, S. (2012). Carbon nanotube-polytetrafluoroethylene nanocomposite coating for milk fouling reduction in plate heat exchanger. J. Food Eng. 111: 218–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.02.032.Search in Google Scholar

Sadeghinezhad, E., Kazi, S.N., Dahari, M., Safaei, M.R., Sadri, R., and Badarudin, A. (2015). A comprehensive review of milk fouling on heated surfaces. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 55: 1724–1743. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2012.752343.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Santos, O., Anehamre, J., Wictor, C., Tornqvist, A., and Nilsson, M. (2013). Minimizing crude oil fouling by modifying the surface of heat exchangers with a flexible ceramic coating. In: Malayeri M.R., Müller-Steinhagen, H., and Watkinson A.P. (Eds.), Proceedings of international conference on heat exchanger fouling and cleaning–2013. June 09–14, 2013, Budapest, Hungary, pp. 79–84.Search in Google Scholar

Santos, O., Nylander, T., Schillén, K., Paulsson, M., and Trägårdh, C. (2006). Effect of surface and bulk solution properties on the adsorption of whey protein onto steel surfaces at high temperature. J. Food Eng. 73: 174–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.01.018.Search in Google Scholar

Schnöing, L., Augustin, W., and Scholl, S. (2020). Fouling mitigation in food processes by modification of heat transfer surfaces: a review. Food Bioprod. Process. 121: 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2020.01.013.Search in Google Scholar

Schoenitz, M., Grundemann, L., Augustin, W., and Scholl, S. (2015). Fouling in microstructured devices: a review. Chem. Commun. 51: 8213–8228. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4cc07849g.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Sett, S., Yan, X., Barac, G., Bolton, L.W., and Miljkovic, N. (2017). Lubricant-infused surfaces for low-surface-tension fluids: promise versus reality. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9: 36400–36408. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b10756.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Sharma, A. and Macchietto, S. (2021). Fouling and cleaning of plate heat exchangers: dairy application. Food Bioprod. Process. 126: 32–41.10.1016/j.fbp.2020.12.005Search in Google Scholar

Shetty, N., Deshannavar, U.B., Marappagounder, R., and Pendyala, R. (2016). Improved threshold fouling models for crude oils. Energy 111: 453–467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.05.130.Search in Google Scholar

Singh, J., Prakash, S., Bhandari, B., and Bansal, N. (2019). Comparison of ultra high temperature (UHT) stability of high protein milk dispersions prepared from milk protein concentrate (MPC) and conventional low heat skimmed milk powder (SMP). J. Food Eng. 246: 86–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.11.003.Search in Google Scholar

Song, Y., Liu, Y., Zhan, B., Kaya, C., Stegmaier, T., Han, Z., and Ren, L. (2017). Fabrication of bioinspired structured superhydrophobic and superoleophilic copper mesh for efficient oil-water separation. J. Bionic Eng. 14: 497–505. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1672-6529(16)60416-x.Search in Google Scholar

Sousa, M.F.B., Barbosa, G.F., Signorelli, F., and Bertran, C.A. (2017). Anti-scaling properties of a SLIPS material prepared by silicon oil infusion in porous polyaniline obtained by electropolymerization. Surf. Coatings Technol 325: 58–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.06.038.Search in Google Scholar

Sousa, M.F.B., Loureiro, H.C., and Bertran, C.A. (2020). Anti-scaling performance of slippery liquid-infused porous surface (SLIPS) produced onto electrochemically-textured 1020 carbon steel. Surf. Coat. Technol. 382: 125160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.125160.Search in Google Scholar

Souza, J.N.M., Souza, A.R.C., Melo, L., and Costa, A.L.H. (2019). The dynamic behaviour of once-through cooling water systems under fouling phenomena. Proceedings of the heat exchanger fouling and cleaning 2019 Conference, 2–7 June 2019. Józefów, Warsaw, Poland, pp. 2009–2011.Search in Google Scholar

Speight, J.G., 2015. Fouling in refineries. Available at: https://books.google.fr/books?id=FeWcBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA199&lpg=PA199&dq=induction+period+pre+heat+train&source=bl&ots=1Rp0-8M_Gz&sig=ACfU3U26gX7cmCP1YjkGmh2wvn9RtgIItQ&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjt-qqc8NroAhUvxoUKHRZWDCYQ6AEwBHoECAsQNg#v=onepage&q=induction period (Accessed 4 September 20).Search in Google Scholar

Srichantra, A., Newstead, D.F., Paterson, A.H.J., and McCarthy, O.J. (2018). Effect of homogenisation and preheat treatment of fresh, recombined and reconstituted whole milk on subsequent fouling of UHT sterilisation plant. Int. Dairy J. 87: 16–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.07.009.Search in Google Scholar

Steinhagen, R., MÜller-Steinhagen, H., and Maani, K. (1993). Problems and costs due to heat exchanger fouling in New Zealand industries. Heat Transf. Eng. 14: 19–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/01457639308939791.Search in Google Scholar

Stephenson, T., Hazelton, M., Kupsta, M., Lepore, J., Andreassen, E.J., Hoff, A., Newman, B., Eaton, P., Gray, M., and Mitlin, D. (2015). Thiophene mitigates high temperature fouling of metal surfaces in oil refining. Fuel 139: 411–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.08.049.Search in Google Scholar

Stephenson, T., Kubis, A., Derakhshesh, M., Hazelton, M., Holt, C., Eaton, P., Newman, B., Hoff, A., Gray, M., and Mitlin, D. (2011). Corrosion-fouling of 316 stainless steel and pure iron by hot oil. Energy and Fuels 25: 4540–4551. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef200823j.Search in Google Scholar

Su, B., Tian, Y., and Jiang, L. (2016). Bioinspired interfaces with superwettability: from materials to chemistry. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138: 1727–1748. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b12728.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Su, X.J., Zhao, Q., Wang, S., and Bendavid, A. (2010). Modification of diamond-like carbon coatings with fluorine to reduce biofouling adhesion. Surf. Coatings Technol. 204: 2454–2458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.01.022.Search in Google Scholar

Subramanyam, S.B., Azimi, G., and Varanasi, K.K. (2014). Designing lubricant-impregnated textured surfaces to resist scale formation. Adv. Mater. Interfaces 1: 1300068. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201300068.Search in Google Scholar

Tang, M., Hou, D., Ding, C., Wang, K., Wang, D., and Wang, J. (2019). Anti-oil-fouling hydrophobic-superoleophobic composite membranes for robust membrane distillation performance. Sci. Total Environ. 696: 133883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133883.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Tissier, J.P. and Lalande, M. (1986). Experimental device and methods for studying milk deposit formation on heat exchange surfaces. Biotechnol. Prog. 2: 218–229. https://doi.org/10.1002/btpr.5420020410.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Tripathy, A., Sen, P., Su, B., and Briscoe, W.H. (2017). Natural and bioinspired nanostructured bactericidal surfaces. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 248: 85–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2017.07.030.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Truong, T.H., Kirkpatrick, K., and Anema, S.G. (2017). Role of β-lactoglobulin in the fouling of stainless steel surfaces by heated milk. Int. Dairy J. 66: 18–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.10.007.Search in Google Scholar

Tut Haklıdır, F.S. and Özen Balaban, T. (2019). A review of mineral precipitation and effective scale inhibition methods at geothermal power plants in West Anatolia (Turkey). Geothermics 80: 103–118.10.1016/j.geothermics.2019.02.013Search in Google Scholar

Van Oss, C.J., Good, R.J., and Chaudhury, M.K. (1986). The role of van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds in “hydrophobic interactions” between biopolymers and low energy surfaces. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 111: 378–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(86)90041-x.Search in Google Scholar

Walker, M.E., Safari, I., Theregowda, R.B., Hsieh, M.K., Abbasian, J., Arastoopour, H., Dzombak, D.A., and Miller, D.C. (2012). Economic impact of condenser fouling in existing thermoelectric power plants. Energy 44: 429–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.06.010.Search in Google Scholar

Wang, P., Lu, Z., and Zhang, D. (2015). Slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces fabricated on aluminum as a barrier to corrosion induced by sulfate reducing bacteria. Corros. Sci. 93: 159–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2015.01.015.Search in Google Scholar

Wang, X., Peng, X., Zhao, Y., Yang, C., Qi, K., Li, Y., and Li, P. (2019a). Bio-inspired modification of superhydrophilic iPP membrane based on polydopamine and graphene oxide for highly antifouling performance and reusability. Mater. Lett. 255: 126573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2019.126573.Search in Google Scholar

Wang, Y., Shen, C., Tang, Z., Yao, Y., Wang, X., and Park, B. (2019b). Interaction between particulate fouling and precipitation fouling: sticking probability and deposit bond strength. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 144: 118700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.118700.Search in Google Scholar

Wang, N., Wang, Q., Xu, S., and Zheng, X. (2019c). Eco-friendly and safe method of fabricating superhydrophobic surfaces on stainless steel substrates. J. Phys. Chem. C 123: 25738–25746. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b07641.Search in Google Scholar

Wang, P., Zhang, D., Lu, Z., and Sun, S. (2016). Fabrication of slippery lubricant-infused porous surface for inhibition of microbially influenced corrosion. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8: 1120–1127. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b08452.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Wang, M., Zhang, Z., Wang, Y., Zhao, X., Yang, M., Men, X., and Xue, Q. (2020). Colorful superhydrophobic pigments with superior anti-fouling performance and environmental durability. Chem. Eng. J. 384: 123292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.123292.Search in Google Scholar

Watkinson, A.P. and Wilson, D.I. (1997). Chemical reaction fouling: a review. Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 14: 361–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0894-1777(96)00138-0.Search in Google Scholar

Wei, J., Ravn, D.B., Gram, L., and Kingshott, P. (2003). Stainless steel modified with poly(ethylene glycol) can prevent protein adsorption but not bacterial adhesion. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 32: 275–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0927-7765(03)00180-2.Search in Google Scholar

Wenzel, R.N. (1936). Resistance of solid surfaces to wetting by water. Ind. Eng. Chem. 28: 988–994. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50320a024.Search in Google Scholar

Whitehead, K.A. and Verran, J. (2006). The effect of surface topography on the retention of microorganisms. In: Food and bioproducts processing. Institution of Chemical Engineers, London, pp. 253–259.10.1205/fbp06035Search in Google Scholar

Yang, W., Li, D., Chen, X.D., and Mercadé-Prieto, R. (2018). Effect of calcium on the fouling of whey protein isolate on stainless steel using QCM-D. Chem. Eng. Sci. 177: 501–508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2017.12.004.Search in Google Scholar

Yang, W.J., Cai, T., Neoh, K.G., Kang, E.T., Dickinson, G.H., Teo, S.L.M., and Rittschof, D. (2011). Biomimetic anchors for antifouling and antibacterial polymer brushes on stainless steel. Langmuir 27: 7065–7076. https://doi.org/10.1021/la200620s.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Yeap, B.L., Polley, G.T., Pugh, S.J., and Wilson, D.I. (2005). Retrofitting crude oil refinery heat exchanger networks to minimize fouling while maximizing heat recovery. Heat Transf. Eng. 26: 23–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/01457630590890139.Search in Google Scholar

Yeginbayeva, I.A., Granhag, L., and Chernoray, V. (2019). A multi-aspect study of commercial coatings under the effect of surface roughness and fouling. Prog. Org. Coat. 135: 352–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2019.05.041.Search in Google Scholar

Yin, X., Yu, S., Bi, X., Liu, E., and Zhao, Y. (2019). Robust superhydrophobic 1D Ni3S2 nanorods coating for self-cleaning and anti-scaling. Ceram. Int. 45: 24618–24624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.08.192.Search in Google Scholar

Yin, X., Yu, S., Wang, K., Cheng, R., and Lv, Z. (2020). Fluorine-free preparation of self-healing and anti-fouling superhydrophobic Ni3S2 coating on 304 stainless steel. Chem. Eng. J. 394: 124925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.124925.Search in Google Scholar

Yoon, S.H., Rungraeng, N., Song, W., and Jun, S. (2014). Superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic nanocomposite coatings for preventing Escherichia coli K-12 adhesion on food contact surface. J. Food Eng. 131: 135–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.01.031.Search in Google Scholar

Zen, F., Angione, M.D., Behan, J.A., Cullen, R.J., Duff, T., Vasconcelos, J.M., Scanlan, E.M., and Colavita, P.E. (2016). Modulation of protein fouling and interfacial properties at carbon surfaces via immobilization of glycans using aryldiazonium chemistry. Sci. Rep. 6: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep24840.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Zettler, H.U., Weiß, M., Zhao, Q., and Müller-Steinhagen, H. (2005). Influence of surface properties and characteristics on fouling in plate heat exchangers. Heat Transf. Eng. 26: 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/01457630590897024.Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, P., Chen, H., Zhang, L., and Zhang, D. (2016a). Anti-adhesion effects of liquid-infused textured surfaces on high-temperature stainless steel for soft tissue. Appl. Surf. Sci. 385: 249–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.05.110.Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, P., Chen, H., Zhang, L., Zhang, Y., Zhang, D., and Jiang, L. (2016b). Stable slippery liquid-infused anti-wetting surface at high temperatures. J. Mater. Chem. A 4: 12212–12220. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ta03857c.Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, B.Y., Lu, J., and Huang, J. (2019a). Effect of sugar on the fouling behavior of whey protein. Food Bioprod. Process. 113: 2–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2018.10.002.Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, Y., Wan, Y., Pan, G., Yan, H., Yao, X., Shi, H., Tang, Y., Wei, X., and Liu, Y. (2018a). Surface modification of polyamide reverse osmosis membrane with organic-inorganic hybrid material for antifouling. Appl. Surf. Sci. 433: 139–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.10.043.Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, T., Wang, Y., Zhang, F., Chen, X., Hu, G., Meng, J., and Wang, S. (2018b). Bio-inspired superhydrophilic coatings with high anti-adhesion against mineral scales. NPG Asia Mater. 10: e471. https://doi.org/10.1038/am.2017.224.Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, B., Yan, Q., Yuan, S., Zhuang, X., and Zhang, F. (2019b). Enhanced antifouling and anticorrosion properties of stainless steel by biomimetic anchoring PEGDMA-cross-linking polycationic brushes. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 58: 7107–7119. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05599.Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, M., Yu, J., Chen, R., Liu, Q., Liu, J., Song, D., Liu, P., Gao, L., and Wang, J. (2019c). Highly transparent and robust slippery lubricant-infused porous surfaces with anti-icing and anti-fouling performances. J. Alloys Compd. 803: 51–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.06.241.Search in Google Scholar

Zhao, H., Deshpande, C.A., Li, L., Yan, X., Hoque, M.J., Kuntumalla, G., Rajagopal, M.C., Chang, H.C., Meng, Y., Sundar, S., et al.. (2020). Extreme antiscaling performance of slippery omniphobic covalently attached liquids. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12: 12054–12067. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b22145.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Zhao, Q., Liu, Y., Wang, C., Wang, S., and Müller-Steinhagen, H. (2005). Effect of surface free energy on the adhesion of biofouling and crystalline fouling. Chem. Eng. Sci. 60: 4858–4865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2005.04.006.Search in Google Scholar

Zhou, Z., Calabrese, D.R., Taylor, W., Finlay, J.A., Callow, M.E., Callow, J.A., Fischer, D., Kramer, E.J., and Ober, C.K. (2014). Amphiphilic triblock copolymers with PEGylated hydrocarbon structures as environmentally friendly marine antifouling and fouling-release coatings. Biofouling 30: 589–604. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2014.897335.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Zhu, Y., Sun, F., Qian, H., Wang, H., Mu, L., and Zhu, J. (2018). A biomimetic spherical cactus superhydrophobic coating with durable and multiple anti-corrosion effects. Chem. Eng. J. 338: 670–679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.01.082.Search in Google Scholar

Zouaghi, S., Six, T., Bellayer, S., Moradi, S., Hatzikiriakos, S.G., Dargent, T., Thomy, V., Coffinier, Y., André, C., Delaplace, G., et al. (2017). Antifouling biomimetic liquid-infused stainless steel: application to dairy industrial processing. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9: 26565–26573. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b06709.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Zouaghi, S., Barry, M.E., Bellayer, S., Lyskawa, J., André, C., Delaplace, G., Grunlan, M.A., and Jimenez, M. (2018a). Antifouling amphiphilic silicone coatings for dairy fouling mitigation on stainless steel. Biofouling 34: 769–783. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2018.1502275.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Zouaghi, S., Six, T., Bellayer, S., Coffinier, Y., Abdallah, M., Chihib, N.E., André, C., Delaplace, G., and Jimenez, M. (2018b). Atmospheric pressure plasma spraying of silane-based coatings targeting whey protein fouling and bacterial adhesion management. Appl. Surf. Sci. 455: 392–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.06.006.Search in Google Scholar

Zouaghi, S., Bellayer, S., Thomy, V., Dargent, T., Coffinier, Y., Andre, C., Delaplace, G., and Jimenez, M. (2019a). Biomimetic surface modifications of stainless steel targeting dairy fouling mitigation and bacterial adhesion. Food Bioprod. Process. 113: 32–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2018.10.012.Search in Google Scholar

Zouaghi, S., Frémiot, J., André, C., Grunlan, M.A., Gruescu, C., Delaplace, G., Duquesne, S., and Jimenez, M. (2019b). Investigating the effect of an antifouling surface modification on the environmental impact of a pasteurization process: an LCA study. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 7: 9133–9142. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b05835.Search in Google Scholar


Supplementary Material

The online version of this article offers supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2020-0094).


Received: 2020-10-30
Accepted: 2021-04-30
Published Online: 2021-07-22
Published in Print: 2023-01-27

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 24.4.2024 from https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/revce-2020-0094/html
Scroll to top button