Abstract
Polyaniline (PANI) nanoparticles and PANI/poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposite films were synthesized by the oxidative polymerization of aniline and ammonium peroxodisulfate (APS), as an oxidizing agent in aqueous medium. The PANI/PVA nanocomposite films were exposed to γ-irradiation after oxidative polymerization. Synthesized polyaniline (PANI) nanoparticles and PANI/PVA nanocomposite films were characterized by attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), X-ray diffraction, high resolution scanning electron microscopy, (HRSEM) high resolution transmission electron microscopy, (HRTEM) and UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy. Energy band gap of PANI nanofibers was determined from Tauc’s plots which equal 4.2 eV. Scanning electron microscopy images show that chemically synthesized of polyaniline has nanofibers structure and irradiated PANI/PVA nanocomposite have a mixture of nanorod and nanosphere structures. The transmission electron microscopy show that chemically synthesized of polyaniline has average length in the range 34 ± 10 nm with less wide distribution, where as the irradiated PANI/PVA nanocomposite has coreshell structure.
Funding source: Science and Technology Development Fund
Award Identifier / Grant number: 6370
Funding statement: This work was funded by the Science and Technology Development Fund (STDF) in Egypt under the grant number (6370). The authors would like to thank the STDF for their fund.
References
1. Goswami, M., Sahoo, S., Meikap, A. K., Gosh, R.: International Conference on Nanoscience Engineering and Technology, Chennai, 314 (2011).Search in Google Scholar
2. Abdelaziz, R., Mohamed, S., Manohar, S., Cho, S. J., Ferraris, J., Yang, D. J.: Polyaniline nanofiber synthesis by co-use of ammonium peroxydisulphate and sodium hypochlorite. Chem. Mater 20, 4808 (2008).10.1021/cm703678mSearch in Google Scholar
3. Thiyagrajan, M., Samuelson, L., Kumar, J., Cholli, A. L.: Helical conformational specificity of enzymatically synthesized water-soluble conducting polyaniline nanocomposites. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 11502 (2003).10.1021/ja035414hSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
4. MacDiarmid, A. G., Yang, L. S., Huang, W. S., Humphrey, B. D.: Polyaniline: electrochemistry and application to rechargeable batteries. Synth. Met. 18, 393 (1987).10.1016/0379-6779(87)90911-8Search in Google Scholar
5. Virji, S., Fowler, D., Baker, O., Richard, J. H., Kaner, Weiller, B. B. H.: Polyaniline nanofiber composites with metal salts: chemical sensors for hydrogen sulfide. Small 1, 624 (2005).10.1002/smll.200400155Search in Google Scholar PubMed
6. Fukuoka, T., Tonami, H., Maruichi, N., Uyama, H., Kobayashi, S.: Peroxidase-catalyzed oxidative polymerization of 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl ether. Formation of α,ω-hydroxyoligo(1,4-phenylene oxide) through an unusual reaction pathway. Macromolecules 33, 9152 (2000).10.1021/ma001054wSearch in Google Scholar
7. Li, D., Kaner, R. B.: Shape and aggregation control of nanoparticles: not shaken, not stirred. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 968 (2006).10.1021/ja056609nSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
8. Belagali, S. L., Vadiraj, K. T.: Characterization of polyaniline for optical and electrical properties. J. Appl. Chem. 8, 53 (2015).Search in Google Scholar
9. Winter, J. O., Gomez, N., Gatzert, S., Schmidt, C. E., Korgel, B. A.: Variation of cadmium sulfide nanoparticle size and photoluminescence intensity with altered aqueous synthesis conditions. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 254, 147 (2005).10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.11.024Search in Google Scholar
10. Ethayaraja, M., Ravikumar, C., Muthukumaran, D., Dutta, K., Bandyopadhyaya, R.: CdS-ZnS core-shell nanoparticle formation: experiment, mechanism, and simulation. J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 3246 (2007).10.1021/jp066066jSearch in Google Scholar
11. Winter, J. O., Gomez, N., Gatzert, S., Schmidt, C. E., Korgel, B. A.: Variation of cadmium sulfide nanoparticle size and photoluminescence intensity with altered aqueous synthesis conditions. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 254, 147 (2005).10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.11.024Search in Google Scholar
12. Saleh, H. H., Ali, Z. I., Afify, T. A.: Synthesis of Ag/PANI core shell nanocomposites using ionizing radiation. Adv. Polym. Technol. 35, 21560 (2015) .10.1002/adv.21560Search in Google Scholar
13. Jang, J., Ha, J., Kim, S.: Fabrication of polyaniline nanoparticles using micro emulsion polymerization. Macromol. Res. 15, 154 (2007).10.1007/BF03218767Search in Google Scholar
14. Elsayed, A. H., Mohy Eldin, M. S., Abo Elazm, A. H., Younes, E. M., Motaweh, H. A.: Synthesis and properties of polyaniline/ferritesnanocomposites. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 6, 206 (2011).Search in Google Scholar
15. Prabhu, R. R., Abdul Khadar, M.: Study of optical phonon modes of CdS nanoparticles using Raman spectroscopy. Bull. Mater. Sci. 31, 511 (2008).10.1007/s12034-008-0080-7Search in Google Scholar
16. Osorio-Fuente, J. E., Gómez-Yáñez, C., María de los Ángeles H.-P., Pérez-Moreno, F.: Camphor sulfonic acid-hydrochloric acid codoped polyaniline/polyvinyl alcohol composite: synthesis and characterization. J. Mex. Chem. Soc. 58, 52 (2014).Search in Google Scholar
17. Bhadra, J., Sarkar, D.: Size variation of polyaniline nanoparticles dispersed in polyvinyl alcohol matrix. Bull. Mater. Sci. 33, 519 (2010).10.1007/s12034-010-0079-8Search in Google Scholar
18. Elashmawi, I. S., Hakeem, N. A., Soliman Selim, M.: Optimization and spectroscopic studies of Cds/poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites. Mater. Chem. Phys. 115, 132 (2009).10.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.11.034Search in Google Scholar
19. Seaoudi, R., El Baily, A. B., Eisa, W., Shabaka, A. A., Soliman, S. I., Abdel Hamid, R. K., Ramadan, R. A.: Synthesis optical and dielectric properties of PVA/Cds nanocomposites. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 8, 658 (2012).Search in Google Scholar
20. Bhadra, J., Sarkar, D.: Self-assembled polyaniline nanorods synthesized from a facile route of dispersion polymerization. Mater. Lett. 63, 69 (2009).10.1016/j.matlet.2008.09.005Search in Google Scholar
©2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston