Abstract
Most of bentonite used in modern drilling engineering is physically and chemically modified calcium bentonite. However, with the increase of drilling depth, the bottom hole temperature may reach 180 °C, thus a large amount of calcium bentonite used in the drilling fluid will be unstable. This paper covers three kinds of calcium bentonite with poor rheological properties at high temperature, such as apparent viscosity is greater than 45 mPa·s or less than 10 mPa·s, API filtration loss is greater than 25 mL/30 min, which are diluted type, shear thickening type and low-shear type, these defects will make the rheological properties of drilling fluid worse. The difference is attributed to bentonite mineral composition, such as montmorillonite with good hydration expansion performance. By adding three kinds of heat-resistant water-soluble copolymers Na-HPAN (hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile sodium), PAS (polycarboxylate salt) and SMP (sulfomethyl phenolic resin), the rheological properties of calcium bentonite drilling fluids can be significantly improved. For example, the addition of 0.1 wt% Na-HPAN and 0.1 wt% PAS increased the apparent viscosity of the XZJ calcium bentonite suspension from 4.5 to 19.5 mPa·s at 180 °C, and the filtration loss also decreased from 20.2 to 17.8 mL.
Funding source: Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
Award Identifier / Grant number: 2-9-2019-141
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Author contributions: Fengshan Zhou participated in the design of this study. Jinliang Liu carried out the study, collected important background information and drafted the manuscript. Fengyi Deng, Hongxing Zhao, Zhongjin Wei and Amutenya Evelina carried out the concepts, design, definition of intellectual content, literature search, data acquisition, data analysis and manuscript preparation. Jinliang Liu, Fengshan Zhou, Fengyi Deng, Hongxing Zhao, Amutenya Evelina, Sinan Chen, Cunfa Ma, Zhongjin Wei, Wenjun Long and Liang Ma read and approved the final manuscript. All authors should have made substantial contributions to all of the following: (1) the conception and design of the study, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data, (2) drafting the article or revising it critically for intellectual content, (3) final approval of the version to be submitted. All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Research funding: This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (no. 2-9-2019-141).
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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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