Abstract
Objectives
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of fermentation techniques on the inhibitory activity of red passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims.) fermentation filtrate in De Man Rogosa Sharpe-broth (MRS-B) media against Extended Strain Methicillin-Resistant (ESBL) Escherichia coli and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Methods
The fruit pulp was wrapped in banana leaves before compared to direct fermentation processes. This study was divided into three treatment groups. Group 1 was the fruit pulp (5 g) fermented in 45 mL of MRS-B medium for 24 h. Group 2 was the fruit pulp wrapped in banana leaves for 3 days before fermented in MRS-B for 24 h. Group 3 was the fruit pulp wrapped in banana leaves for 3 days before fermentation in MRS-B for 48 h. Fermentation broth of each condition was taken and then filtered using millipore (0.2 µm). As many as 50 µL of filtrates was tested for its inhibitory activity against E. coli ESBL and MRSA using the Kirby Bauer method.
Results
Group 2 showed the best antibacterial activity against E. coli ESBL and MRSA with the average zone of inhibition of 38.3 and 37.6 mm respectively. These values were higher than the first and group 3s activities.
Conclusions
The inhibitory activity of group 1s against ESBL and MRSA is categorized as a moderate potency with a diameter of growth inhibition zone of 16–20 mm, whereas the other groups are categorized as strong potency with a diameter higher than 20 mm.
Funding source: Universitas Airlangga
Award Identifier / Grant number: 346/UN3/2020
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the International Conference of Pharmacy and Health Sciences 2020, 3rd Joint Conference UNAIR-USM is organized by the Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga (UNAIR) in collaboration with the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) that held on October 27–28, 2020.
-
Research funding: This research is funded by an internal research project of Airlangga University with a letter-number 346/UN3/2020.
-
Author contributions: All authors contributions can be seen in this table below.
Type of contribution Contributors Concept and design Iif Hanifa Nurrosyidah, Isnaeni, Ni Made Mertaniasih Data acquisition Iif Hanifa Nurrosyidah, Isnaeni, Ni Made Mertaniasih Data analysis/interpretation Iif Hanifa Nurrosyidah, Isnaeni, Ni Made Mertaniasih Drafting manuscript Iif Hanifa Nurrosyidah, Isnaeni, Ni Made Mertaniasih Critical revision of the manuscript Iif Hanifa Nurrosyidah, Isnaeni, Ni Made Mertaniasih Statistical analysis Iif Hanifa Nurrosyidah, Isnaeni, Ni Made Mertaniasih Funding Iif Hanifa Nurrosyidah, Isnaeni, Ni Made Mertaniasih Admin, technical, and material support Iif Hanifa Nurrosyidah, Isnaeni, Ni Made Mertaniasih Supervision Iif Hanifa Nurrosyidah, Isnaeni, Ni Made Mertaniasih Final approval Iif Hanifa Nurrosyidah, Isnaeni, Ni Made Mertaniasih -
Competing interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
-
Informed consent: Not applicable.
-
Ethical approval: Not applicable.
References
1. Sigh, S, Das, D. Passion fruit: a fetched passion for dentists. Int J Pharma Sci Res 2013;4:754.Search in Google Scholar
2. World Health Organization. Antimicrobial resistance: global report on surveillance. Geneva, CH: World Health Organization; 2014.Search in Google Scholar
3. Ingale, AG, Hivrale, AU. Pharmacological studies of Passiflora sp. and their bioactive compounds. Afr J Plant Sci 2010;4:417–26.Search in Google Scholar
4. Barnes, J, Anderson, LA, Phillipson, JD. Passionflower: herbal medicines, 3rd ed. London, UK: Pharmaceutical Press; 2007:461–9 pp.Search in Google Scholar
5. Zahro, F. Isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri asam laktat asal fermentasi karkisa ungu (Passiflora edulis var. sims) sebagai penghasil eksopolisakarida [thesis]. East Java, Malang, Indonesia: Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim; 2014.Search in Google Scholar
6. Safarini, M, Iif, HR, Ni, MM, Muhammad, NSBH, Kholis, AN, Riesta, P, et al.. In vitro antibacterial activity of cell free fermentation supernatant of Passiflora edulis forma flavicarpa sims. fruit fermented by de man, rogosa and sharp media. Jordan J Biol Sci, in press.Search in Google Scholar
7. Ibrahim, A, Fridayanti, A, Delvia, F. Isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri asam laktat (BAL) dari buah mangga (Mangifera indica L.). J Ilm Manuntung 2017;1:159–63. https://doi.org/10.51352/jim.v1i2.29.Search in Google Scholar
8. Hudzicki, J. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test protocol. Washington DC, US: American Society for Microbiology; 2009:1–23 pp.Search in Google Scholar
9. Biutifasari, V. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). Oceana Biomed J 2018;1:1–11. https://doi.org/10.30649/obj.v1i1.3.Search in Google Scholar
10. Khateb, A. The role of staphylococcal protein A (SPA) in the virulence of Staphylococcus aureus infections [Master’s thesis]. Calgary, Canada: University of Calgary; 2014.Search in Google Scholar
11. Nurrosyidah, IH, Isnaeni, Mertaniasih, NM. Potential probiotic from indigenous Indonesian red passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims). Sys Rev Pharm 2020;11:123–30.Search in Google Scholar
12. Ustundag, AO, Ozdogan, M. Effects of bacteriocin and organic acid on Listeria monocytogenes in feed. AgroLife Sci J 2017;6:262–7.Search in Google Scholar
© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
