Abstract
Background
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic mucosal inflammation of the large intestine mainly affecting the colon and rectum. The lack of effective and safe therapeutic agents led to the identification of new therapeutic agents to effectively manage the symptoms and complications of ulcerative colitis. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of sodium benzoate in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats.
Methods
Infusion of 3% acetic acid in the colon through the rectum was done to construct a rat model of ulcerative colitis. After 5 days of infusion, macroscopic, biochemical, and histopathological examinations and disease activity scoring of the colon were done to assess colonic damage.
Results
Acetic acid infusion resulted in severe inflammation in the colon assessed macroscopically and histopathologically. Moreover, it also led to increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) and reduction in glutathione (GSH) levels. In the present study, repeated administration of sodium benzoate (400 and 800 mg/kg i.p.) and sulfasalazine (500 mg/kg orally) for 7 days, i.e. 2 days before and continued for 5 days after acetic acid infusion, significantly attenuated macroscopic damage and disease activity score as compared to disease control. Further, it also significantly reduced the levels of MPO and enhanced colonic levels of reduced GSH. However, the lower dose of sodium benzoate (200 mg/kg) did not show sufficient protective effect in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis. Further, sodium benzoate per se did not show any effect in normal rats.
Conclusions
The observed protective effect of sodium benzoate may be due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in an ulcerative colitis model.
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to Akal college of Pharmacy and technical education, and Mastuana Sahib for supporting this study and providing technical and practical facilities for the work.
Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved its submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval: The experimental protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC) (1407/PO/Re/S/11CPCSEA), and care of the animals was carried out as per the guidelines of the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experimental Animals (CPCSEA), Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India (Approval no. ATRC/03/18).
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