Abstract
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) is a novel molecular tool. In recent days, it has been highlighted a lot, as the Nobel prize was awarded for this sector in 2020, and also for its recent use in Covid-19 related diagnostics. Otherwise, it is an eminent gene-editing technique applied in diverse medical zones of therapeutics in genetic diseases, hematological diseases, infectious diseases, etc., research related to molecular biology, cancer, hereditary diseases, immune and inflammatory diseases, etc., diagnostics related to infectious diseases like viral hemorrhagic fevers, Covid-19, etc. In this review, its discovery, working mechanisms, challenges while handling the technique, recent advancements, applications, alternatives have been discussed. It is a cheaper, faster technique revolutionizing the medicinal field right now. However, their off-target effects and difficulties in delivery into the desired cells make CRISPR, not easily utilizable. We conclude that further robust research in this field may promise many interesting, useful results.
Highlights
CRISPR has revolutionized genetics.
CRISPR was nameless till its discovery in bacteria, and now it is in the spotlight because of its award for Nobel prize 2020 as well as its role in Covid-19 related diagnostics.
It has reached every door of therapeutics, research, and diagnostics related to mankind and also plant biology.
It is essential to consider off-target effects and adverse immune reactions linked with CRISPR.
Fine-tuning of the methodology and new additions like CRISPR GUARD, multiplexing, etc., have made CRISPR more precise and straightforward.
Anyway, there is a demand for further technical modernization to reinvigorate the methodology more advanced.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
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Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.
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Informed consent: Not applicable.
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Ethical approval: Not applicable.
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