Abstract
Lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) were isolated from unbleached acid sulfite pulp by selective enzymatic hydrolysis followed by fiber swelling and extraction. Approximately 80% of the lignin in the pulp was found to be chemically linked to carbohydrates in three major fractions, viz. as one glucan-lignin complex (with 8% lignin) and two hemicellulose-lignin complexes (with 72% lignin). The latter two were further separated into one glucomannan-lignin complex (with ∼25% lignin) and one xylan-lignin-glucomannan complex (with 45–50% lignin). Based on model experiments, it can be concluded that the lignin and carbohydrate moieties are probably linked together through benzyl ether linkages. Xylan is more stable towards acidic hydrolysis than galactoglucomannan, and this finding may explain the greater amount of xylan-rich LCC in the pulp.
References
Ahlgren, P.A., Goring D.A.I. (1970) Removal of wood components during chlorite delignification of black spruce. Can. J. Chem.49:1272–1275.Search in Google Scholar
Böttger, J., Turkmenoglu, T., Krause, T. (1984) Restlignin in ungebleichten Sulfitzellstoffen – Isolierung und Charakterisierung. Papier38:V1–V7.Search in Google Scholar
Fengel, D., Wegener, G. (1984) Wood: Chemistry, Ultrastructure, Reactions. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, p. 172.Search in Google Scholar
Gellerstedt, G. (1976) The reactions of lignin during sulfite pulping. Svensk Papperstidn.79:537–543.Search in Google Scholar
Gellerstedt, G., Gierer, J. (1971) The reactions of lignin during acid sulfite pulping. Svensk Papperstidn.74:117–127.Search in Google Scholar
Henriksson, G., Nutt, A., Henriksson, H., Pettersson, B., Ståhlberg, J., Johansson, G., Pettersson, G. (1999) Endoglucanase 28 n(Cel12A), a new Phanerochaete chrysosporium cellulase. Eur. J. Biochem.259:88–95.10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00011.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
Karlsson, O., Petterson, B., Westermark, U. (2001) Linkages between residual lignin and carbohydrates in bisulphite (magnefite) pulps. J. Pulp Pap. Sci.27:310–316.Search in Google Scholar
Kaufmann, Z. (1951) Über die chemischen Vorgänge beim Aufschluss von Holz nach dem Sulfitprozess. Ph.D. Thesis, ETH, Zürich (see Rydholm, S. 1965, Pulping Processes. Interscience Publishers, London, p. 467).Search in Google Scholar
Kosikova, B., Joniak, D., Kosikova, L. (1979) On the properties of benzyl ether bonds in lignin-saccharidic complex isolated from spruce. Holzforschung33:11–14.10.1515/hfsg.1979.33.1.11Search in Google Scholar
Lawoko, M., Henriksson, G., Gellerstedt, G. (2003). New method for the quantitative preparation of lignin-carbohydrate complex from unbleached softwood kraft pulp. Lignin polysaccharide network I. Holzforschung57:69–74.Search in Google Scholar
Lawoko, M., Berggren, R., Berthold, F., Henriksson, G., Gellerstedt, G. (2004) Changes in the lignin-carbohydrate complex in softwood kraft pulp during kraft and oxygen delignification. Holzforschung58:603–610.10.1515/HF.2004.114Search in Google Scholar
Lawoko, M., Henriksson, G., Gellerstedt, G. (2005) Structural differences between the lignin-carbohydrate complexes present in wood and in chemical pulps. Biomacromolecules6:3467–3473.10.1021/bm058014qSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
Li, J., Gellerstedt, G. (2002) Oxymercuration-demercuration-kappa number: an accurate estimation of lignin content in chemical pulps. Nordic Pulp Pap. Res. J.17:410–414.10.3183/npprj-2002-17-04-p410-414Search in Google Scholar
Miller, G.L. (1959) Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagents for determination of reducing sugars. Anal. Chem.31:426–428.10.1021/ac60147a030Search in Google Scholar
Taneda, H., Nakano, J., Hosoya, S. and Chang, H-m. (1987) Stability of α-ether type model compounds during chemical pulping processes. J. Wood Chem. Technol.7:485–498.Search in Google Scholar
Tappi Test Method (1987), T222 om-83, Acid-insoluble lignin in wood and pulps. TAPPI, Atlanta, GA, USA.Search in Google Scholar
Theander, O., Westerlund, E.A. (1986) Improved procedure for the analysis of dietary fiber. J. Agric. Food Chem.34:330–336.10.1021/jf00068a045Search in Google Scholar
Timell, T.E. (1961) Isolation of galactoglucomannans from wood of gymnosperms. Tappi44(2):88–96.Search in Google Scholar
Uzcategui, E., Johansson, G., Ek, B., Petterson, G. (1991) The 1,4-β-d-glucan glucano hydrolases from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Reassessment of their significance in cellulose degradation mechanisms. J. Biotechnol.21:143–160.Search in Google Scholar
©2006 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York