Abstract
Narrative experimentation has seen many forms, but among the most radical strategies might be the complete absence of text. Printed text is largely determined through its physical presence on the page, it defines itself by where it is, and the performance of the present text determines the flow of narrative time. Silences and absences are usually created semantically, with a present text telling about an absence. Only rarely do texts stage emptiness through the actual absence of text. But when they do, they considerably expand the narrative range of expression of the printed page. In this paper I will look at the narratology of the empty page by analyzing and comparing a number of texts that stage or emphasize the actual absence of text from the page. There are some narrative texts that use their medial form as text printed on a page and bound in a codex not only to narrate absences, but also to stage them outside of the text proper, or rather, through the actual absence of text leading the recipient’s awareness to the page as a frame of reference that potentially carries semantic value. I will contrast different techniques of “framing absence” in texts by David Mitchell (number9dream), Jonathan Safran Foer (Tree of codes), B. S. Johnson (House mother normal) and Mark Z. Danielewski (House of leaves). These examples will show how literary texts can use their own mediality and materiality to reflect on the general relation between all three.
References
Chanen, Brian W. 2007. Surfing the text. European journal of English studies 11(2). 163–176.10.1080/13825570701452755Search in Google Scholar
Chapman, George. 1613. An epicede or funerall song. London.Search in Google Scholar
Danielewski, Mark Z. 2000. House of leaves. New York: Pantheon.Search in Google Scholar
Fludd, Robert. 1617–24. Utriusque Cosmi ... metaphysica, physica atque technica Historia, &c. Oppenheim and Frankfort.Search in Google Scholar
Foer, Jonathan Safran. 2010. Tree of codes. London: Visual Editions.Search in Google Scholar
Gehring, Melina. 2009. Das Labyrinth als Chronotopos: Raumtheoretische Überlegungen zu Mark Z. Danielewskis House of Leaves. In Wolfgang Hallet & Birgit Neumann (eds.), Raum und Bewegung in der Literatur: Die Literaturwissenschaften und der Spatial Turn, 319–334. Bielefeld: transcript. 10.1515/9783839411360-015Search in Google Scholar
Genette, Gérard. 1983. Narrative discourse: An essay in method. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Guignery, Vanessa. 2007. Ethics and experimentation in B. S. Johnson’s House mother normal. In Susana Onega & Jean-Michel Ganteau (eds.), The ethical component in experimental British fiction since the 1960’s, 50–70. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Search in Google Scholar
Hamilton, Natalie. 2008. The a-mazing house: The labyrinth as theme and form in Mark Z. Danielewski’s house of leaves. Critique: Studies in contemporary fiction 50(1). 3–16.10.3200/CRIT.50.1.3-16Search in Google Scholar
Hansen, Mark. 2004. The digital topography of Mark Z. Danielewski’s house of leaves. Contemporary literature 45(4). 597–636.10.1353/cli.2005.0004Search in Google Scholar
Heller, Stephen. 2010. Jonathan Safran Foer’s book as art object. Arts beat, November 24. http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/24/jonathan-safran-foers-book-as-art-object/ (Lats access:18.10.2017)Search in Google Scholar
Johnson, B. S. 1971. House mother normal. A geriatric comedy. New York: New Directions.Search in Google Scholar
Mitchell, David. 2001. Number9dream. London: Hodder & Stoughton.Search in Google Scholar
Pressman, Jessica. 2006. House of leaves: Reading the networked novel. Studies in American fiction 34(1). 107–128.10.1353/saf.2006.0015Search in Google Scholar
Prince, Gerald. 1988. The Disnarrated. Style 22(1). 1–810.1177/009286158802200117Search in Google Scholar
Richardson, Brian. 2006. Unnatural voices. Extreme narration in modern and contemporary fiction. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Richardson, Brian. 2015. Unusual and unnatural narrative sequences. In Raphaël Baroni & Françoise Revaz (eds.), Narrative sequence in contemporary narratology, 163–175. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Robbe-Grillet. 1955. Alain. Le voyeur. Paris: Minuit.Search in Google Scholar
Shusterman, Ronald. 2003. “Seeing time”: Visions of temporality and the implications of theory. In Ronald Shusterman (ed.), Des histoires du temps. Conceptions et représentations de la temporalité, 75–90. Bordeaux: Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux. Search in Google Scholar
Sterne, Laurence. 2005. The life and opinions of Tristram Shandy, gentleman. Munich: Günther Jürgensmeier.Search in Google Scholar
Sukenick, Ronald, 1973. Out. Athens: Swallow Press.10.2307/25294615Search in Google Scholar
Swift, Jonathan. 2005. Gulliver’s travels. Ed. Claude Rawson. London: Oxford: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
“The Libeskind building.” Jewish Museum Berlin. https://www.jmberlin.de/en/libeskind-building. (Last access: 18.10.2017)Search in Google Scholar
Thon, Jan-Noël. 2016. Transmedial narratology and contemporary media culture. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.10.2307/j.ctt1d8h8vnSearch in Google Scholar
Todorov, Tzvetan: 1981. Introduction to Poetics. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Search in Google Scholar
Wurth, Kiene Brillenburg. 2011. Old and new medialities in Foer’s Tree of codes. CLCWeb: Comparative literature and culture 13(3).10.7771/1481-4374.1800Search in Google Scholar
© 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston