Abstract
Objectives
Local wave speed is a biomarker which provides an objective analysis of the cardiovascular function. The aim of this study was to determine the local wave speed in the internal carotid artery by a new non-invasive method that measures blood velocity waveform at only one site.
Methods
For this purpose, the cepstral analysis was employed to determine the arrival time of the reflection wave and the wave speed in the carotid artery. To validate our model, we applied it experimentally in vivo on young and old healthy subjects. The blood velocity waveform was measured by using phase-contrast magnetic resonance for 22 subjects.
Results
Our experimental results correlated with reference values reported in previous studies conducted on the internal arterial carotid usually adopting the invasive method. They also correlated with those obtained by using the foot-to-foot method (R2=0.72). The wave speed obtained by the method developed in this study and that of the foot-to-foot method increased with age (p<0.001).
Conclusions
The method developed in this study can be applied in the other arteries and it can also be used with other techniques such as ultrasound imaging.
Funding source: Higher Institute of medical technologies of Tunis
Acknowledgement
The authors would like to thank Dr. Ayadi Hajji for his help with English in proofreading, editing and correcting the manuscript.
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Research funding: Authors state no funding involved.
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Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
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Ethical approval: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the University of Picardy Jules Verne and the regional university hospital center of Amiens and all subjects gave informed consent to participate to the study. All data were obtained in a non-invasive way (flow velocity and diameter (area) using PCRM). The study was approved by a local ethical committee and that all participants gave informed consent.
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