Migration and Ethnicity in Chinese History: Hakkas, Pengmin, and Their Neighbors

Sow-Theng Leong

Published by Stanford University Press 1997

Migration and Ethnicity in Chinese History

Hakkas, Pengmin, and Their Neighbors

Sow-Theng Leong
Edited by: Tim Wright

https://doi.org/10.1515/9781503616356

Overview
Contents

About this book

This book analyzes the emergence of ethnic consciousness among Hakka-speaking people in late imperial China in the context of their migrations in search of economic opportunities. It poses three central questions: What determined the temporal and geographic pattern of Hakka and Pengmin (a largely Hakka-speaking people) migration in this era? In what circumstances and over what issues did ethnic conflict emerge? How did the Chinese state react to the phenomena of migration and ethnic conflict? To answer these questions, a model is developed that brings together three ideas and types of data: the analytical concept of ethnicity; the history of internal migration in China; and the regional systems methodology of G. William Skinner, which has been both a breakthrough in the study of Chinese society and an approach of broad social-scientific application. Professor Skinner has also prepared eleven maps for the book, as well as the Introduction. The book is in two parts. Part I describes the spread of the Hakka throughout the Lingnan, and to a lesser extent the Southeast Coast, macroregions. It argues that this migration occurred because of upswings in the macroregional economies in the sixteenth century and in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. As long as economic opportunities were expanding, ethnic antagonisms were held in check. When, however, the macroregional economies declined, in the mid-seventeenth and late eighteenth centuries, ethnic tensions came to the fore, notably in the Hakka-Punti War of the mid-nineteenth century. Part II broadens the analysis to take into account other Hakka-speaking people, notably the Pengmin, or “shack people.” When new economic opportunities opened up, the Pengmin moved to the peripheries of most of the macroregions along the Yangzi valley, particularly to the highland areas close to major trading centers. As with the Hakka, ethnic antagonisms, albeit differently expressed, emerged as a result of a declining economy and increased competition for limited resources in the main areas of Pengmin concentration.

Topics

Frontmatter Publicly Available Download PDF	i
Editor's Preface Publicly Available Download PDF	vii
Contents Publicly Available Download PDF	xi
Illustrations Publicly Available Download PDF	xiii
Tables Publicly Available Download PDF	xv
A Note on Conventions in the Text, Tables, and Maps Publicly Available Download PDF	xvii
Introduction G. William Skinner Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	1
1. The Origins and Historiography of the Hakkas Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	19
PART ONE Migration, Ethnicity, and Nationalism Among the Lingnan Hakkas
2. Hakka Migrations in Lingnan and the Southeast Coast Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	39
3. The Formation of the Hakka Ethos in the Nineteenth Century Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	69
4. Ethnicity and Nationalism in the Twentieth Century Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	83
PART Two The Pengmin: Migration, Ethnicity, and the State
5. The Pengmin and Government Policies Toward Migration Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	97
6. Pengmin Migration to the Gan Yangzi Region Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	109
7. Ethnic Conflict in the Gan Yangzi Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	129
8. Environmental Degradation: The Pengmin in the Lower Yangzi Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	147
9. Frontier Society: The Pengmin in the Hanshui Basin Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	163
Notes Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	181
Publications by Sow- Theng Leong Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	201
Bibliography Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	203
Character List Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	221
Index Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	227

Language: English
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Audience: College/higher education;
Pages
- Main content: 256
Illustrations
- Other: 11 maps, 1 figure, 7 tables

eBook

Published: January 21, 2022
ISBN: 9781503616356