Abstract
The rosemary extract was encapsulated in polyethylene or in covalently-based network gels. The covalent gels were obtained by the reaction of isocyanate end-capped polyethylene glycol (PEG) with β-cyclodextrin or glycerol. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity (AA) of rosemary extract entrapped in polymeric structures and in ethanol or water solutions. The AA of the rosemary extract was determined using a DPPH radical for samples prepared in ethanol, and a water-soluble derivative, the sulphonated DPPH radical (DPPH-SO3Na), for the rosemary extract in water. Formulation of the rosemary extract in polymeric gels ensures a rapid release which determines the AA values similar to those in solution.
References
Blois, M. S. (1958). Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature, 181, 1199-1200. DOI: 10.1038/1811199a0.10.1038/1811199a0Search in Google Scholar
Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M. E., & Berset, C. (1995). Use of free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 28, 25-30. DOI: 10.1016/s0023-6438(95)80008-5.10.1016/S0023-6438(95)80008-5Search in Google Scholar
Cesteros, L. C., Ramirez, C. A., Peci˜na, A., & Katime, I. (2006). Poly(ethylene glycol-β-cyclodextrin) gels: Synthesis and properties. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 102, 1162-1166. DOI: 10.1002/app.24390. 10.1002/app.24390Search in Google Scholar
Ionita, P., Caproiu, M. T., & Balaban, A. T. (2000). New sulfonyl derivatives of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and their supramolecular complexes with crown ethers or kryptands. Revue Roumaine de Chimie, 45, 935-941.Search in Google Scholar
Ionita, G., & Sahini, V. (2004). Oxidation of natural and thermal denatured bovine serum albumin hydrazyl free radicals in the presence of cyclodextrins. Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry, 50, 183-186. DOI: 10.1007/s10847-004-8842-3.10.1007/s10847-004-8842-3Search in Google Scholar
Ionita, G., Marinescu, G., Ilie, C., Anghel, D. F., Smith, D. K., & Chechik, V. (2013). Sorption of metal ions by poly(ethylene glycol)/β-CD hydrogels leads to gel-embedded metal nanoparticles. Langmuir, 29, 9173-9178. DOI: 10.1021/ la401541p.10.1021/la401541pSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
Kahkönen,M. P., Hopia,A. I., Vuorela, H. J., Rauha, J. P., Pihlaja, K. T., Kujala, S., & Heinonen, M. (1999). Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic compounds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 47, 3954-3962. DOI: 10.1021/jf990146l.10.1021/jf990146lSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
Karamanoli, K., Vokou, D., Menkissoglu, U., & Constantinidou, I. H. (2000). Bacterial colonization of phyllosphere of Meediterranean aromatic plants. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 26, 2035-2048.10.1023/A:1005556013314Search in Google Scholar
Kozłowska, M., Szterk, A., Zawada, K., & Z˛abkowski, T. (2012). New opportunities of the application of natural herb and spice extracts in plant oils: application of electron paramagnetic resonance in examining the oxidative stability. Journal of Food Science, 77, 994-999. DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02856.x.10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02856.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
Masuda, T., Yamada, K., Akiyama, J., Someya, T., Odaka, Y., Takeda, Y., Tori, M., Nakashima, K., Maekawa, T., & Sone, Y. (2008). Antioxidation mechanism studies of caffeic acid: Identification of antioxidation products of methyl caffeate from lipid oxidation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56, 5947-5952. DOI: 10.1021/jf800781b.10.1021/jf800781bSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
Matsingou, T. C., Petrakis, N., Kapsokefalou, M., & Salifoglou, A. (2003). Antioxidant activity of organic extracts from aqueous infusions of sage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51, 6696-6701. DOI: 10.1021/jf034516o.10.1021/jf034516oSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
Minnunni, M., Wolleb, U., Mueller, O., Pfeifer, A., & Aeschbacher, H. U. (1992). Natural antioxidants as inhibitors of oxygen species induced mutagenicity. Mutation Research, 269, 193-200. DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(92)90200-l.10.1016/0027-5107(92)90200-LSearch in Google Scholar
Moure, A., Cruz, J. M., Franco, D., Dominguez, J. M., Sineiro, J., Dominguez, H., Nu˜nez, J. M., & Parajo, J. C. (2001). Natural antioxidants from residual sources. Food Chemistry, 72, 145-171. DOI: 10.1016/s0308-8146(00)00223-5.10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00223-5Search in Google Scholar
Musuc, A. M., Badea-Doni, M., Jecu, L., Rusu, A., & Popa, V. T. (2013). FTIR, XRD, and DSC analysis of the rosemary extract effect on polyethylene structure and biodegradability. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 114, 169-177. DOI: 10.1007/s10973-012-2909-y. 10.1007/s10973-012-2909-ySearch in Google Scholar
Newman, D. J., Cragg, G. M., & Snader, K. M. (2000). The influence of natural products upon drugdiscovery. Natural Product Reports, 17, 215-234. DOI: 10.1039/a902202c. 10.1039/a902202cSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
Özcan, K. (2003). Antioxidant activities of rosemary, sage, and sumac extracts and their combinations on stability of natural peanut oil. Journal of Medicinal Food, 6, 267-270. DOI: 10.1089/10966200360716698.10.1089/10966200360716698Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Pérez, M. B., Calderon, N. L., & Croci, C. A. (2007). Radiationinduced enhancement of antioxidant activity in extracts of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). Food Chemistry, 104, 585-592. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.12.009.10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.12.009Search in Google Scholar
Pérez-Fons, L., Garzon, M. T., & Micol, V. (2010). Relationship between the antioxidant capacity and effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) polyphenols on membrane phospholipid order. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58, 161-171. DOI: 10.1021/jf9026487.10.1021/jf9026487Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Peshev, D., Peeva, L. G., Peev, G., Baptista, I. I. R., & Boam, A. T. (2011). Application of organic solvent nanofiltration for concentration of antioxidant extracts of rosemary (Rosmarinus officiallis L.). Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 89, 318-327. DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2010.07.002.10.1016/j.cherd.2010.07.002Search in Google Scholar
Pietrzak, W., Nowak, R., & Olech, M. (2014). Effect of extraction method on phenolic content and antioxidant activity of mistletoe extracts from Viscum album subsp. abietis. Chemical Papers, 68, 976-982. DOI: 10.2478/s11696-013-0524-4.10.2478/s11696-013-0524-4Search in Google Scholar
Ratnam, D. V., Ankola, D. D., Bhardwaj, V., Sahana, D. K., & Kumar, M. N. V. R. (2006). Role of antioxidants in prophylaxis and therapy: A pharmaceutical perspective. Journal of Controlled Release, 113, 189-207. DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.04.015.10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.04.015Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Sahini, V. E., & Ionita, G. (2011). Evidence of changes in hydrophilic/ hydrophobic balance and in chemical activity of HSA induced by thermal treatments. Central European Journal of Chemistry, 9, 245-252. DOI: 10.2478/s11532-010-0148-2.10.2478/s11532-010-0148-2Search in Google Scholar
Sanna, D., Delogu, G., Mulas, M., Schirra, M., & Fadda, A. (2012). Determination of free radical scavenging activity of plant extracts through DPPH assay: An EPR and UV-Vis study. Food Analytical Methods, 5, 759-766. DOI: 10.1007/s12161-011-9306-1.10.1007/s12161-011-9306-1Search in Google Scholar
Schwarz, K., Ternes, W., & Schmauderer, E. Z. (1992). Antioxidative constituents of Rosmarinus officinalis and Salvia officinalis. Zeitschrift f¨ur Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und Forschung, 195, 104-107. DOI: 10.1007/bf01201767.10.1007/BF01201767Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Shimada, K., Fujikawa, K., Yahara, K., & Nakamura, T. (1992). Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in cyclodextrin emulsion. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 40, 945-948. DOI: 10.1021/jf00018a005.10.1021/jf00018a005Search in Google Scholar
Singleton, V. L., & Rosi, J. A., Jr. (1965). Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of the Oenology and Viticulture, 16, 144-158.Search in Google Scholar
Soler-Rivas, C., Marin, F. R., Santoyo, S., Garcia-Risco, M. R., Se˜norans, F. J., & Reglero, G. (2010). Testing and enhancing the in vitro bioaccessibility and bioavailability of Rosmarinus officinalis extracts with a high level of antioxidant abietanes. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58, 1144-1152. DOI: 10.1021/jf902087q.10.1021/jf902087qSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
Souza, C. R. F., Schiavetto, I. A., Thomazini, F. C. F., & Oliveira, W. P. (2008). Processing of Rosmarinus officinalis L. extract on spray and spouted bed dryers. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 25, 59-69. DOI: 10.1590/s0104-66322008000100008.10.1590/S0104-66322008000100008Search in Google Scholar
Tavassoli, S., & Emam Djomeh, Z. (2011). Total phenols, antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity of methanol extract of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). Global Veterinaria, 7, 337-341.Search in Google Scholar
Türe, H., Ero˘glu, E., Soyer, F., & ¨Ozen, B. (2008). Antifungal activity of biopolymers containing natamycin and rosemary extract against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium roquefortii. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 43, 2026-2032. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2008.01816.x.10.1111/j.1365-2621.2008.01816.xSearch in Google Scholar
Visetin, A., Rodriguez-Rojo, S., Navarrete, A., Maestri, D., & Cocero, M. J. (2012). Precipitation and encapsulation of rosemary antioxidants by supercritical antisolvent process. Journal of Food Engineering, 109, 9-15. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.10.015.10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.10.015Search in Google Scholar
Xie, J., & Schaich, K. M. (2014). Re-evaluation of the 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH) assay for antioxidant activity. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 62, 4251-4260. DOI: 10.1021/jf500180u.10.1021/jf500180uSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
Yang, B., Wang, J. S., Zhao, M. M., Liu, Y., Guang, W., & Jiang, Y. M. (2006). Identification of polysaccharides from pericarp tissues of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) fruit in relation to their antioxidant activities. Carbohydrate Research, 341, 634-638. DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.01.004.10.1016/j.carres.2006.01.004Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Zaharescu, T., Jipa, S., Kappel, W., & Bumbac, M. (2008). Radiation stability of poly(ethylenevinylacetate) stabilized with natural extract of rosemary. Optoelectronic and Advanced Materials - Rapid Communications, 2, 450-452. Search in Google Scholar
© 2015 Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences